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WCU - Western Carolina University Publications

Western Carolinian Volume 61 Number 21

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Item 1 - Western Carolinian Volume 61 Number 21
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Western Carolinian Volume 61 Number 21

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Western Carolinian Volume 61 Number 21

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  • April 11,1996 Western Carolinian Human Resources The Gray Wolf Reintroduced into Yellowstone by Adam Riggsbee Contributing Writer In North America alone, Canis lupus, or the gray wolf, once ranged from the Arctic Ocean to central Mexico, and from the Pacific coast to the Atlantic. The wolf's ability to adapt was incredible, but due to human society their range is now strictly limited. Canis lupus represents the top of the food chain in all ecosystems in which they are present, which may explain the reason for the human fear of wolves and their pack mentality. By the 1920s and '30s the wolf was exterminated throughout the lower 48 states in order to free land for the growing livestock industry, and because of the public's fear and ignorance. By the 1960s the only remaining populations in North America outside of Alaska and Canada were found in Minnesota on Isle Royale on Lake Superior, and in northern Mexico. This loss of a natural predator alarmed conservationists of the 1960s environmental movement, and programs were initiated that helped begin the gray wolf's recovery. In 1973 the Endangered Species Act (ESA) was passed and the gray wolf earned a place on the Endangered Species List in the lower 48 states. The ESA prohibits individuals from killing or otherwise taking endangered species and requires the US Fish and Wildlife Service to adopt plans for their recovery. The 2.2- million acre Yellowstone National Park is the largest US park outside of Alaska. The gray wolf was once the top predator of the Yellowstone ecosystem that actually includes the Grand Teton National Park, seven national forests, and other federal and state lands in three states totaling 14 million acres, not all of which is designated for wolf recovery. The reintroduction began on January 13, 1995. DEWS (Fish and Wildlife Service) officials captured twelve wolves from Alaska, releasing eight in Yellowstone, and the other four in Idaho in a secondary FWS reintroduction effort. The wolves were placed into one-acre holding pens for at least six weeks. Once the wolves were reintroduced FWS biologist began tracking the animals with radio collars to keep data on their progress, hunting habits and litter production. While the reintroduction is currently succeeding, there is still controversy. The conflict between conservationist and pastoralist continues. Ranchers in the sur- JPEND AJEMEJTER IN ANOTHER COUNTRY Stut>\ Abro3it> U Vour Ch*r\cc to Travel &nt> £Arn Crefcit Tow^rfcs Vour Vcgrcc M thc Same Time. for More Information About This Excitivig Opportvmitvf: ~ Get Information On-Line @ wvvw.sttidyabroad.com or www.Detersons.cooi Dick Cameron Student Development Office 460 HFR rounding areas have fears that wolves will leave the park's boundaries and prey on the local livestock. Many feared that conservationists would use the wolf as a political weapon to limit grazing ability, harvest timber and mining on federal land. Conservationists see the wolf s reintroduction as more valuable to the local ecosystem and the biosphere (the global ecosystem) by keeping elk, moose, and deer herds healthy and in check, resulting in less starving animals and disease among the herd. In 1988 the US Congress ordered a joint study between FWS and the National Parks Service (NPS) to determine how Canes lupus's reintroduction would effect Yellowstone in terms of the livestock, herd animals and the grizzly bear, a threatened species. In May of 1990 the report was released, stating that wolves would likely reduce elk numbers by only 10-20% and would have little or no effect on grizzly bears, but would probably reduce coyote numbers. Similar predictions were made for deer, moose, and bison, while little or no loss was seen for bighorn sheep and pronghorn. The report also stated that wolves were likely to follow elk and other prey in their winter migrations outside the park, but would kill only a small number of livestock. The FWS / NPS report acknowledged that the wolves would be (and are) currently designated as an "experimental-nonessential" animal giving property owners the right to protect their livestock if threatened. To cover losses of any livestock due to predation of the gray wolf, compensation funds will pay ranchers for proven wolf kills. The National Parks authorities commissioned an analysis released in 1992 of the economic effects of wolf recovery. Economists estimated the value of livestock wolves might kill in areas around the park, then projected the wolves' effect on big game animals and the revenue created by hunting such animals. After the reintroduction Yellowstone's bottom line will profit $18 million more the first year and about $110 million over the first 20 years. With the gray wolf reintroduction plan well underway, a new era has begun in the Yellowstone ecosystem. Conservationists are hoping that with successful reintroduction into Wyoming, maybe New Mexico will be next. Only time will tell if the gray wolf reintroduction will produce more harm than good. Conservationists believe the gray wolf represents a balance that the Yellowstone ecosystem has not had since its elimination in the 1920s and '30s. The reintroduction represents a chance to right some of the wrong. 18th Annual Bryan Adrian giUMMEfr Jerry Stackhouse (NBA) Dante Calabria (UNC) George Lynch (NBA) Drew Barry (Ga.Tech) FINALREGISTRATION Now Being Held For Boys and Girls, Ages 5-18. Call ANYTIME For A Free Brochure (704) 372-3236. Locations Include. Greensboro, N.C Charlotte. N.C. Raleigh. N.C. Banner Elk, N.C. Hickory. N.C. Gastonia. N.C. Mt. Olive. N.C. Concord. N.C. Elkin. N.C. Spartanburg, S.C Virginia Beach.V; ■kitititit The Bryan Adrian Basketball Camp is recognized as one of the finest teaching camps in the country.
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Western Carolina University Publications

The Western Carolinian is Western Carolina University’s student-run newspaper. The paper was published as the Cullowhee Yodel from 1924 to 1931 before changing its name to The Western Carolin...

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