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Western Carolina University Publications
WCU - Western Carolina University Publications

Western Carolinian Volume 69 Number 11

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Western Carolinian Volume 69 Number 11

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  • AIDS and your bo by Sara Halterman * WCnewsmagazine TheHumanImmunodeficiency Virus (HIV) was first detected in the United States in 1981. Since then scientists and biologists have been researching HIVs affect on the human body in an effort to understand the deadly disease and in hopes of finding a cure. Part of understanding HIV/AIDS is knowing how the body processes the virus. HIV affects a persons immune system by attacking white blood cells known as T-cells and macrophages, which help maintain a normal functioning immune system. Overtime, the populations of cells decline, causing the infected individual to be susceptible to a variety of diseases that are not commonly found in non-HIV persons. Because the immune system is deteriorating Organisms usually unable to infect a persons body are capable of doing so. HIV is classified as a retrovirus because of the way its genetic information is transferred. The genetic sagpananeatecncannsnen dy material of HIV consists of single- stranded RNA (as opposed to DNA) and proteins necessary for replication. When a person becomes infected with HIV the virus attaches to a host cell (Helper T-cells) through receptor proteins. Viral entry into the cell occurs allowing reverse transcriptase by which RNA is converted to DNA. The new HIV DNA enters the nucleus and then is placed into a chromosome where translation and transcription occur, creating viral particles that eventually explode from the host cell and into the blood stream. While non-HIV infected people can geta virus and ward it off by the activation of their infection fighting B-cells and T-cellls, people with HIV have a genetic mutation caused by the virus. The result is that B- cells become inactive and T-cells rapidly decline. HIV takes an unusual and sneaking course after infection has occurred. HIV enters its first stage known as the acute phase where large amounts WCnewsmagazine of HIV particles can be found in the blood stream. During this time people may feel flu-like symptoms such as fatigue, headache, fever, and achy muscles. After about 3 weeks of flu-like symptoms the disease will enter what is called its lymphatic phase where the number of HIV particles decrease in the bloodstream and the virus is then localized and the flu-like symptoms disappear. The immune system is then able to manage the remaining HIV particles and the infected cells. The infected person appears and feels healthy, but all the while the infection is decimating the body. This stage can last roughly anywhere from 8 to 10 years without a person displaying any signs of infection. The last stage of HIV/ AIDS is the onslaught of disease and infection due to a weakened immune system and before long the infected person has developed full-blown AIDS. Knowledge of how the HIV virus transgresses in the human body has helped researchers develop a cocktail of drugs to slow the process of the virus and the rate in which it spreads through the body. People living with HIV undergo a strict regimen of medication costing nearly $15,000 a year. The drugs come with serious side effects including vomiting, nausea, and insomnia. Because of HIVs hidden presence experts encourage people to get tested regularly. If early detection is made then the virus can be treated and the patient will live longer than excepted, provided they take the medication regularly. lf a person goes undetected they will eventually develop the untreatable, full-blown AIDS, and die within a year or two. Since there is no cure for HIV/AIDS research remains at the forefront of this battle. Understanding the mechanics of this disease that has claimed over 21 million lives worldwide is at the heart of finding its cure. 13 Memorial Quilt Display Hours Friday feb. 11 noon - 109m Saturday rev. 12 noon - 8pm How did AIDS become so widespread? by Margaret Hester * WCnewsmagazine AIDS and HIV are epidemics that are sweeping not only our nation but the world. The best way to prevent contracting AIDS or HIV is to become educated, but one thing that many are not familiar with is how either disease developed in the first place. For those of you who are fairly unfamiliar with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), it is a virus that attacks the human body immune system and weakens it. In fact, most who contract the virus die from contracting another, smaller virus that the body is unable to fight due to its weakened immune system. AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) develops from HIV over a matter of years, on average 10 years if untreated (avert.org). It is uncertain when the first case of AIDS was discovered. Some say that the first case was in Australia, but others believe it was first seen in a man from Manchester England. Either way, AIDS began to become predominate in the 1980s, especially among homosexual communities (AIDS Science and Society). There are many theories as to how HIV was developed. A few far-fetched ones are that it was created by the CIA, and others believe that is was genetically developed (avert.org). However, in February 1999, a group of researchers from the University of Alabama stated that they had discovered in the frozen tissue of a chimpanzee a virus that is closely related to HIV, which they believe is the origin (avert.org). The researchers also stated that the crossover from chimp to human could have occurred by a human eating an infected chimp for food (avert.org). The wide-spread contraction of AIDS/HIV is contributed to many different factors. One way researchers are certain the virus spread was through blood transfusions. Blood transplants were developed around the 60s and were considered a grea advance in the medical field. Also, with this advance came the. demand for blood. World-wide people were donating blood for a small amount of money, and the blood was shipped to where it was needed most (avert.org). The 70s also saw an increase in drug-use. From heroin to other IV drugs, sharing needles became popular among drug users world-wide. This was another contributing factor to the spread of AIDS. International Travel is another major cause for the spread of the AIDS/HIV virus. Sexual contact with an unknown person while traveling was not uncommon considering the wars that dominated the 60s and 70s. Through many years of research we have discovered many ways to prevent the spread of the HIV virus. Since AIDS/HIV is a virus and is spread through bodily fluids, always use a condom for any sexual experience, and never use IV drugs. Also, remember that hugging and kissing an infected person does not put you at risk. There has been only one case of someone attracting the disease through kissing and both partners had open wounds. Using common sense is the most effective way to keep yourself and others safe from contracting this deadly virus. If everyone works together, we can help to slow down the passing of this epidemic. Sources: AIDS science and society, Hung Y Fan, Ross F Conner, Luis P. Villarreal; Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 2004 The Emergence of AIDS, Kenneth H Mayer, MD and H F Pizer; United Book Press, 2000 Avert. Avert.org; January 20, 2005
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Western Carolina University Publications

The Western Carolinian is Western Carolina University’s student-run newspaper. The paper was published as the Cullowhee Yodel from 1924 to 1931 before changing its name to The Western Carolin...

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