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Western Carolinian Volume 68 Number 04

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Item 1 - Western Carolinian Volume 68 Number 04

Western Carolinian Volume 68 Number 04

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Item

Details
- Format
  - Publications (documents)
- Type
  - Text
- Source institution
  - Western Carolina University
- Identifier
  - HL_WesternCarolinian_2003-10-14_Vol68_No04_P04
Transcript

anger to Coral Reefs May Outpace Discovery By Rick Weiss I The Washington Post Nearly a decade after the launch of several international initiatives to raise awareness about the declining health of the world's coral reefs, these "rainforests of the sea" remain in a desperate struggle for survival, with most dying off in ever greater expanses and only a few reef systems showing evidence of modest recovery. The ongoing destruction, documented by scientists in recent surveys, is largely the result of human activities, including overfishing, pollution and sediment runoff due to deforestation, the researchers say. If trends continue, they warn, the vast majority of these valuable ecosystems—many of which have been growing for hundreds or thousands of years—are likely to disappear within the next few decades. At the same time, researchers are discovering entirely new kinds of coral communities, including some that live at tremendous depths, far from the sunlight and warm waters commonly associated with coral reefs. But these "deep sea coral" communities, too, are being damaged and destroyed at alarming rates, scientists say. Here the culprits are "rock-hopping" nets and other bottom- trawling equipment dragged by powerful fishing ships as they probe farther and deeper from the industry's traditional, depleted haunts in search of shrimp, cod, flounder and rockfish. The news that tropical corals are continuing to suffer despite conservation efforts—and the emerging recognition that cold-water corals are being ruined almost as quickly as they're being discovered —has led to a new round of efforts to preserve these colorful, biodiverse communities. Coral reefs occupy less than 1 percent of Earth's surface but are home to about one-quarter of all marine fish species. The case for conservation is economic as well as ecological: As magnets for tourism and other recreational activities, coral reefs bring income to coastal communities— including many in developing nations that have few other resources to bank on. And reefs provide food and breeding grounds for one-tenth of all the fish caught for human consumption. If there is one bit of promising news for corals it's in the Caribbean, where the massive declines documented in the 1980s appear to have slowed or in some cases even reversed themselves in the 1990s, according to a report by British scientists published in last week's issue of the journal Science. "In places like Jamaica, the Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico and Florida, the decline has nearly stopped," said Isabelle Cote, a tropical marine ecologist, who conducted the analysis with Toby Gardner and colleagues at the University of East Anglia in Norwich. It is too soon to say whether those improvements can be credited to the past decade's conservation efforts, including the creation of protected areas and fishing restrictions in the region. (Some Caribbean coral losses had been traced to overly large catches of algae-eating fish, allowing the algae to choke the slower-growing coral species.) But with the new survey providing the most quantitative assessment yet of coral cover in the region, it should now be possible for policymakers to track more precisely the impact of their conservation efforts and, over itini%iailor their actions for the•greåtést effect, Cote said. NEW MONTHLY FEATURPÄ Reefs in Peril Pollution, overfishing, disease and climate change threaten coral reefs worldwide. Coral reefs Coral diseases SOURCE: Reefbase.org Coral cover in the Caribbean Percent of Caribbean reefs covered with live, hard coral 60 50 30 10 (85 SOURCE: Science '00 PHOTOS COURTESY OF SCIENCE, T. HUGHES (ABOVE) AND K GLENN (LEFT) Corals are tiny marine animals that build diverse skeletal homes. Healthy reef systems, like the one shown above, are spectacularly rich marine environments. At left, a juvenile coral grows on the surface of a large dead coral three years after the larger coral died from a "bleaching" disease. In the Pacific, where coral losses have been caused mostly by overfishing (including the use of reef- killing dynamite and cyanide) and a "bleaching" disease linked to global warming, the situation is "gloomy," said Ove Hoegh-Guldberg of the University of Queensland in Australia. Indeed, a new report on 14 major tropical reef systems, including some in the Pacific, Atlantic, Red Sea and off Australia, also published in last week's Science, concludes that "reefs will not survive without immediate protection from human exploitation" across wide swaths of ocean. The same may be true for cold-water reefs, said Michael Hirshfield, chief scientist for Oceana, a Washington-based oceans advocacy group that released a report on those reefs last month. "Trawlers today are fishing down a mile or more," he said. "The slopes and shelves off the continental margins are really being hammered." Scientists are just beginning to learn about these deep-sea counterparts to the better-known tropical corals. While shallow-water corals live in symbiotic communion with algae that give the corals energy through photosynthesis, deep-sea corals live in darkness and consume organic matter settling to the sea bottom. They exist in waters as cold as 30 degrees Fahrenheit, from the equator to the Arctic, in some cases forming spectacular stony mounds that can tower hundreds of feet above the ocean bottom. Congress is starting to take note of these mysterious marine creatures. Rep. Joel Hefley, R-Colo., recently introduced the Ocean Habitat Protection Act, which would place size limits on ground-fishing gear that damages deep coral reefs and other seafloor life. A similar bill is being drafted in the Senate. 0 2003 WASHINGTON POST

Object

Description

The Western Carolinian is Western Carolina University's student-run newspaper. The paper was published as the Cullowhee Yodel from 1924 to 1931 before changing its name to The Western Carolinian in 1933.
Details
- Creator
  - Western Carolina University
- Format
  - Publications (documents)
- Type
  - Text
- Date
  - Date original: 2003-10-14
- Extent
  - Dimension: 14" x 11.5"
  - Pages: 24
- Subject - Topic
- Location
  - Jackson County (N.C.)
  - Cullowhee (N.C.)
- Source institution
  - Western Carolina University
- Source Collection
  - WCU Students Newspapers Collection
- Identifier
  - HL_WesternCarolinian_2003-10-14_Vol68_No04
- Repository
  - Western Carolina University Hunter Library

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