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Senate Bill 5228: Senator Simmon's speech
Item
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adopted by the National Hardwood Lumber Association at St. Louis, May 16 of this year. That association, I am informed, has the largest membership and capital of any similar association in the world. It was organized for the purpose of protecting the interests of the hard-wood manufacturers of the country. I wish to read it. It is very brief: Whereas the numerous forest reserves established by the National Government are all located in the West and not one of them embraces any portion of the great hard-wood forests of the country: Eesolved, That the National Hardwood Lumber Association respectfully urges upon Congress the importance of establishing the proposed National Forest Reserve m the hard-wood region of the Southern Appalachian Mountains, both as a means of preserving these mountains and preventing disastrous floods, and also as a means of demonstrating to the people of this country what can be done in the way of using hard-wood forests, and at the same time perpetuating them for the benefit of future generations. The subject, Mr. President, having thus been brought to the attention of the American people by these scientific and technical associations, the general press of the country took the subject up and discussed it approvingly, and I may say enthusiastically, all over the country. I discover in the very convincing and comprehensive report made by the Secretary of Agriculture upon the feasibility of this scheme and its desirability from a national standpoint the names of 49 of the leading educational, religious, political, scientific, and technical newspapers of the country, all of them of national prominence and importance. Among these are such papers as the New York Tribune, Baltimore Sun, Providence Journal, Cleveland Leader, New York Lumber Trade Journal, Forest and Stream. St. Louis Star,. Pittsburg Commercial Gazette, New York Herald. Knoxville Times, New Orleans Picayune, Indianapolis News, Chicago Times-Herald, and Scientific American. These publications speak in terms of the highest commendation of the movement as one of national interest and importance, and urge upon Congress immediate and favorable action. Not only this, Mr. President, but, as the distinguished Senator from New York [Mr. Depew] stated on Saturday, the late President McKinley in a message to the Senate strongly advocated the establishment of this reservation, and the present Chief Executive, in a message to this Senate during this session, vigorously presses upon Congress the importance from a national standpoint of the establishment of this park. So I think it can safely be said that this is not a local scheme, but that it comes to Congress urged and indorsed by a great variety of interests in all parts of the country. Now, what are the great national purposes to be subserved by the creation of this park? In connection with all questions looking to the preservation by the Government of forests there are two primal and overshadowing considerations. First, the protection from destruction of the national timber and wood and fuel supply; and, secondly, the effect of deforestation upon the climate, land erosion, and the regularity of the flow of streams as affecting agriculture, manufacturing, and commerce. Mr. President, without crediting all the predictions of alarmists in reference to the destruction of our national supply of timber, it must be obvious to everybody that the available supply of timber in this country at large is rapidly disappearing. The amount of woodland area in 1880—I have not been able to get the correct data since then—in proportion to the total land area of
Object
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Early on, the Appalachian National Park Association met with legislative success. In 1900, a bill passed authorizing funds to investigate the possibility of a national park in the eastern U.S. and, in December 1901, Congress introduced a bill to purchase land. While the Appalachian National Park Association initially argued for a national park, it used the terms “national park” and “forest reserve” somewhat interchangeably. As the bill made its way through Congress, funds were earmarked for a “forest reserve” rather than a “national park.” Unfortunately, when a separate bill was re-introduced in 1902, Congress was not able to reconcile the two bills and they failed.
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