Horace Kephart (1862-1931) was a noted naturalist, woodsman, journalist, and author. In 1904, he left St. Louis and permanently moved to western North Carolina. Living and working in a cabin on Hazel Creek in Swain County, Kephart began to document life in the Great Smoky Mountains. He created 27 journals in which he made copious notes on a variety of topics. Journal 13 (previously known as Journal XVI) includes information on crime detection, and criminals. Click the link in the Related Materials field to view a table of contents for this journal.

• Creator
  • Kephart, Horace, 1862-1931
• Format
  • Manuscripts (documents)
• Type
  • Text
• Date
  • Date digitized: 2017-02-13
• Extent
  • Dimension: 11" x 8.5"
  • Pages: 141 pages
• Subject - Topic
  • Crime
  • Criminals
  • Detectives
  • Spies
• Location
  • Swain County (N.C.)
  • Great Smoky Mountains (N.C. and Tenn.)
• Source institution
  • Western Carolina University
• Source Collection
  • Horace Kephart Collection
• Identifier
  • HL_MSS80-24_61_J13
• Repository
  • Western Carolina University Hunter Library

Horace Kephart Joumal13 " ( CRIME- - Detection . Last week at dinner she had sat beside Judge Allison in his home and heard him denounce the police in biting tones. He had said that eighty per cent. of all the murderers went uncaught and that less than two per cent. got punished . . " Insight, Wit, Nerve"-the three win­ning cards in the game of crime-had been Judge Allison' s pronouncement.! Insight to divine the road the pursue ) would take; wit to extri cate one's self when cornered; nerve to play the game through to the end, making no admissions, conceding no points, proclaiming inno­cence in the fa ce of an army of accusers. J Insight, wit, nerve,- she would have these, because she must have them! _ ( weu-,··ck:~~;,~~;c;,};~-h~d- -~ommitted the murder up in Room 309 in the Palace Hotel. His apparent alibi in the fact that he was taking part in Elaine's performance at the theater at the time when the murder occurred puzzled me for a minute or two; but then I worked it out. He had come on during the first act, but only in the early part of it and not at all in the second. In­deed, his only subsequent appearance had been in one of Elaine's later dances in the third, one that followed my own return from the lobby: He must have dressed after his first ap­pearance and left the theater in his proper person. But his crutch? That was what the loop of cord was for! He could hang it round his neck and button it up under his overcoat. Somewhere between the theater and the hotel he had made the transformation which had just taken place under my eyes. And it was as a hunchback that he walked boldly into the hotel and rode up in the elevator to Room 309. The act showed an almost satanic pre­calculation that was more horrifying than anything else about it. He must have meant to commit the crime, or at least have foreseen its possibility, when he left the theater with his crutch. But, granting that, it was one of the most perfect things of its kind I had ever heard of. I recalled what Elaine had said that very morning. If you wanted to keep ) people from thinking of one thing you must give them something else to think about. He saw to it that he gave us a hunchback to think about and then went his ways in complete security. _ TTTl. - L 1.- - .J! .J - - · 1- - $'1 . . Finally Bourke drilled - into his appren­tice the three cardinal principles of suc­cessful cracksmanship-to know his ground th~roughly before ':enturing upon it ; to stnke and retreat wtth the swift precision of a hawk; to be friendless. And the last of these was the greatest. " You're a promising lad " he said-so oi-ten t h at Lanyard would ) almost wince from that formula of introduction- " a promising lad, though it's sad I should be to say it instead of proud as I am. For I've made ye- but for me you'd long since have matnculated at La Tour Pointure and graduated with the canaille of the Sante And in time. you , may become a first-chop operator, whtch I m not and never will be· but if you po,. 'twill be through fighting shy of two l hmgs. The first of them's woman, and the second is man. To make a friend of . a ~an you must lower your guard. Ordmanly 'tls fatal. As for wom­an, remember this, m' lad: to let love into your life you must open a door no mortal hand can close. And God only knows what'll follow in. " If ever you find you've fallen in love and can't fall out, cut the game on the in­stant, or you'll end wearing stripes or ?roa? arrows- the same as myself would, -If thts cursed cough wasn't going to be the death of me. No, m' lad : take a fool's advice (you'll never get better) and when you're shet of me, which will be soon I'm thinking, take the lonesome road and 'stick to the middle of it. ' He travels the fastest ~?o travels alone ' is a true saying, but tls only half the truth: he travels the farthest into the bargain. Yet the lone­some road has its drawbacks, lad - it 's damned lonely! " CJ_J.,Y~ SHOESTRING SOLTIES THE GOBEL1N THEFT A LL the French SO.rete had to go by .1'"1. were some fingerprints on the · broken glass of a window in the Versailles Palace and a piece of shoe­s t r ing found under the window. Never­~ n eless , these things led to the .r ecovery . of t'ne Gob elln t a pestries which had been s tolen from the Salon of Mercury and the capture of the thieves . Tl;le de­tectives compared the fingerprints with those of all employes, but without re­ryult, and with all criminal r ecords-ran equa lly f utile t ask. Then .t'iley began to use th e shoestring. They ' got a list of the men who, fo r a ny r eason. had been employed on work at the pa lace within one year, and car efully watch ed them. One n amed Prosper Charles was ob­served to have r ecently repaire11 a shoe­s tring. They arrested him a nd d iscov­er ed tha t the piece of shoestrin g they had found came from his shoe. H is fi ng<> J"prints conf irmed thi&. They v is ­ited his home and there found the two tapest ries, one cut into twelve pieces. ' Vhen t'i11s discovery had been pub­lished in the papers the man's sole ac­lcomp! icc, a bank clerl< n amed Gaston Nouvain , gave h imself up. Both con­fessed . They had tak en the t a pestries as overzealous parti sans of Moscow. But, having tak en tl1 em, they d:dn't !<.now what t o clo w it~n them, s o they cut one up decifli11g to retum it piece­meal when n obody was looking. • ·' f/lij,.d . Ha~ it turned . out A Solution tha t the latest of New Accepted York's "trunk mys- Too Quickly. t erles " had been solved by the identification of the victim and the arr est of the man who kill ed her , it would have confirmed mapy in the .belief tha t " murder will out" In s pite of all precautions. For, as " the case " stood when the trunk . was first opened, the possibility of e ither identifica tion or arrest s eemed i but slight. As a matter of fact, the only mur ders 1 that come to light are those that-come to light: There cer tainly are others­nobody knows how many-but from the number of people who disappea r every year, never ·to be heard of again, it is probable that the number is consider ­a ble. Of course. however , not a ll of these vanishings are murders. Another and closely r elated delusion widely current is that murderers always leave evidence of some sort that be­trays them to justice. '.rhat they often do is true, and they do it because the majority of killers are of low intelli­gence, unable to see all the consequences even of. their precautions. But some a re shrewd, If not wise, and some are favored by luck, and so escape. In the present instance, the slayer of the woman was supposed to · have brought the avengers of blood upon him­self by trying to fasten the crime on another man a gainst whom he has a grievance. He wanted a double satls -< faction for what he thought his wrong, and his g reed .caused his undoing. So melodramatic was this theory that It excited Incredulity at once, but per­haps it should not h ave done so tor t11ere is melodrama in " real life I, as well as on the stage. Failure Seems Complet e. After more than a m onlli of industrious in­v estigation by three groups of . the law's of­ficial upholdct·s-and by nobody !wows h ow many~ that a re non­officlai-.- the E l ~ell case r emalns exactly the mystery It was on the morning of. June 1 l. l()f cour se, the var ious a c tivi­ties displayed have not been without re­s ults. The\·e has been made known, in the fir st place, a good deal a bout EL­WJ,: LL as a m:.Cn and the sort of life he led. This informa tion h ~s not been wit h­o. ut Interest of several kinds , but it has n9t b een partic ularly edify\ng or useful. Another consequence of the a ssorted !l)quiries has been the olsclosure of the n.ames, a nd more or less a bout the 1mb­its and an1usen1cnts , of sOn1ewherc be­t ween a do z~ n and twenty people who a t one t ime or another had been f riends or acquaintan ces of E LWELl-. To some of them tl'c revela tion has been extr emely en1barrassing u..nU to a lt the r est In some l degree unpleasa11t, but from th eir troubling· or a nn oying has con1e n o f a intc:.:;t hint. no w arr anted $Uspicion. a~ to the hlentity or even · tLe ·sex of the person who u ~e d the big a utoma tic with such fata l sldll and then . evanlshed as successf ully as if of air. · And that. so fa r as !mown, Is a ll that has been d on e. The smallness of a cconl­pl ishment is . n.ot ~ r e~son, perhaps, for blaming c.r nd:culmg a nybod y, but s ure ­ly n one ot those enga ged In the investl­.; at!on can claim to have earned any &ro'T' 11-t.Y·(/A.o:t~· J..Jil3/st I -- .. 'I DETECTIVES. .~HE REAL SLEUTH ,. r.~ NO STAGE DETECTIVE ·.~ , ·. ·v ,;./ l' . l'•• /1~1 One Makes · Mistakes and Fol­lows Wrong Clues, but the I Other Never Does. •PUBLIC ALWAYS INTERESTED \ I -t• •a ch Citl;z:en Has His Ideal. Criminal Hunte.r ~nd Sometimes It Ia Shattered Rudely. •\ .~ 'l'he detectlve•.fu real Ute and the de­tective of ftijflb~ and the stage have long been a favArite topic for discussion and comparison' among readers and stu­dents of crime. There Is scarcely a. po­llee or criminal Investigator of any prominence whose opinion on the sub­ject has not been sollclte\1. "The average citizen," a. detective of national prominence said, " goes through Ute witho~t ever making the acqualn­U~. nce of men of my profession. and his knowledge of them Is consequently con­' ttned to the type ~e sees on the stage ·or meet'!. In fiction. He Imagines that the I'eal . detective resembles in appear­a. nce, cleverness, · a.nd method of worK, the type wltlch has made a strong im­; presslon On his mental vision. For ex-. ample. it 'he Is an admirer of Sherlock Holmes, he likes to believe that de­tectives in real life resemble and pos­eeaa some of the qualities of that gen­tleman. On the other hand, neither Sherlock Holmes nor other scientific In­vestigators of that type may appeal to htm. He 'may prefer, as some do, de­tectives of the active, vigorous Old Sleuth or Hawk8haw type, and then he sets his standard of detectives i)y th.em. His ldeQ. ot what a detective Is like a.nd should be like 'depends to a. large ex­tent on the mental picture which tor years has been developing In his Imag­Ination. " He will probably carry this mental picture to the grave with him unle&S something occurs to destroy it. For ex­a. mple, Mr. Riverside Drive reports to the police the theft of his wlfC:s jewels. A clean cut, sharp -eyed young man calls on him. ;. Mr. Drtve notes with some satisfaction that the young ma.n bears quite a strong resemblance to the de­tective- he ad ired In a recent crook pley. The d ' 've makes a. painstak- Ing and min 1lmoNl.ndum of the lost jewels, and fi'S Mr. Drive thSit he will do w[ can to recover them. The jewE\ls ">ly through no skill of tlje detect-!· \ found In a pawnshop and retur heir owner, and Mr. Drive som ystifled but el!lited Is convinced· e detective Is every bit as clever a.nd resourceful as his proto­type of the stage, and tha~ perhaps de­tectives on the whole are mOil'e clever than he had imagined. If, however, the jewels were not recovered, If becoming discouraged at the apparent stupidity or l'!xlty of the pollee he had placed the case In the hands of a detective agency with no better result,! Mr. Drive's good opinion of detectives would doubtless . be rudely shattered, and no one could con­vince him that really clever detectives could be found outside the pages of a book or play. , " Like every other profession there are good, bad, and indifferent detectives. There are, of course, detectives of un­deniable cleverness, originality and re­sourcefulness, and the~e quall!le!l ~m-blned wit a,. power for lt!Ysl llae enabled them to bring to light many a. dark and pu.zzllng mystery. There a.re others who possess few of these qualities :yet accomplish almost as much because they are persistent arid ploddl!l8', and are not easily discouraged by defeat. They IU'll known as good digger$. Like J'oubert the. relentless Chief of Pollee of " Les Mlsera,bles," they persist in stick­Ing to the trail of a criminal until they have run him down. The average de­tective, I would say, is no better or worse than the average man In any other profession. A man cannot be a detective very long before his skill and mettle are put to the test. If ne possesses any real br)Jliancy or clever­ness It Is sure to come out sooner or leter, since he is given ample oppor­tunity to demonstrate his skill. If he does not possese real talent it Is sure to become known, ~;~.nd he must be classed as a man of mediocre ability. " Detectives as a rule work in a rou- ' tine sort of way. In doing their work they us11ally i"ollow old lind approved methods. There are various ways of catching a thief and these are followed beca.use they have been sanctioned by custom a.nd experience. There are many 4etectlvee who believe !mpllclty that the best way to catch a thief Is with a. thief. This method today has under­gone some sllght modifications. The man who assists them In catching a. ! thief need not be a thief If he knows them and their haunts. He Is some­times a reformed thief. He used to be called a r;;tool' pigeon, but Is now often spoken of as a connection, and a detec­tive who has good connections can often go out and make an arrest where one without connections would not fare so well. Detectives receive much valuable Information from informers. These may. be thlev61! whom they have taken Into custody or well disposed persons whp having a high regard for law and order do not hesitate to Impart to the pollee valuable knowledge which they have re<;el ved. · " Some of the best detectives today are men who through long eJQ>et;lence have come to have a wide knowledge of criminals and their ways. Such a man during an epidemic of •crime Is able to visit places frequented by crooks and recognize old and young offenders. In this ma.nner many a roundup of crooks has been made. Such a detective re­I cently stood on a Broadway corner apd In the course of an hour pointed out a dozen men who had fallen Into the tolls of the police at one time or a:nother, and any number of well-known denizens of the underworld. Detectives who through a certain line of work have become spe­cialists In crime acquire a valuable fund of knowledge. For example, take men like Cassassa a.nd McKenna of the• New York Pollee Dep·artment. They have spent so much time trailing pickpockets that they are familiar wltlr the faces of hundreds of them from all over the country, and on occasion they • have rounded ·them up ):ly the scores. It Is tbe s,11.me with detectives of the pawn­shOP. •quad. They become familiar with the faces of scores of habitual and petty thieves such as bogus Inspectors, sneak thieves, and second-story men. Detec­tives of safe and loft squads get to know by sight this class of crooks. " The thieves of today specialize as well as the d~ctlves. For example, a pickpocket usually confines his a.ctlvl­tles to that line of 'Work; a flat thief will work a flat or an apartment, but as a. rule wm not break Into a store. 1 .A bank burglar-they are seldom heard ot today since the work Is of too desper- 1 ate a character~would disdain to break Into an apartment. To combat an1 a.p- 1 prebend this army dt specialists the pollee must themselveiJ train their men 1 to study the habits of these different classes of thieves. "The· detective In fiction has a signal a.dva.ntage over the sleuth In real lite. It rarely happens that the book or play detective ever aoes the wrong thing at the rlgbt time, whereas th.e detective In rep.! ·life frequently makes mistakes which he Is obliged to correct. The book detective seldom makes the mistakes and I blunders which are made by the real . .(letective. The former often follows 1 clues to a. successful finish which would lead the latter to a false trail. On the 1 other hand, some ot . the experiences of the /';>est known New York detectives , are as strange a.nd startling a.s any In · fiction. ·. "Detective Joseph Petrosino who was shot and killed In Italy some years a.go by members of the Black Hand Society, Clll. one occasion when after a. murderer · ~ted In lt:;tly who had fled to New York, went into a basement In the old • 1 Mulberry Bend section after the fugu­\ tlVe. He found himself confronted by thirty-five of the fugutlve's friends, but before they had an opportunity to draw their weaJ>Ons they found !h~mselves looltrng nto 'Cle mu~les or two reo volvers. Scanning their faces carefully he re,cognjzed thlil features of the :man he was after. Calling the murderer by name he commanded him to step to the door, and In another moment he had hiiJ prl10ner·. safely handcuffed and wu . leading him to headquarters. On an­other occasion Detective Michael Fla­chetU single-handed rounded up a. band of eight desperate criminals In Ohio. They were convicted and duly pun­Ished.'' I DETECTIVES. ·DETECTIYB .BUREAU· NOW HAS 700 MEN ___ ...__ ........ ' .I l ( . . ·I I They ~re of Many Typea, Young, Middle-Aged and Old·tlm .. ere In the Service. ' ..l.J::]..£.1 ..l otl\!it• M~i ,love ''.sparkt~rs." liJld If a d!amol)d oes hot spread Its Juster l:rom theh' t ngers It 411 prettt B\lre to "lllne refulgent from the soff to's of their neckties. A detej!tlve may e Bll careless of his dress as to appear most slovenly, but he decorates hlmse with .~ lto~s~~u!:-u~~1lceme~ i\,spire t&. ' It- ~a.qe w e Detective Ute~J.tl "IUtd ook e~~«er forward te t e ~i '!"ben ell' llnlbl on, can be reallll!!d• No be ee" lna.n s taken Into thj bureau Wfio ~ r:et ~terved an appren eesbl);) e,t POll ~ ng th~ v.avements. 1 11. de~tecilvl! lEI o.lit In the bureay he tt\Uil wotk hat' t~~e P~~~~Jeft~h:· trtD'ffi~C i>:t111t';.,th1~:. Yef!.rs, and the detecUv11 ef £odat Is e IU THEIR WORK 18 DIFFICULT rouowlng the rutes tatd dowti b>' n_ • l!pectol' Byrnes e.nd othet neted old thners. They e.re 11ent out to lnveetlge.te ' Squ~." to vlelt pe;wJIShepe, ten<!llll And All of Them Have Served Ap· 'C:~ u~~~ PlB.ee!l whleb lll'l! I1Mgeutl'l It they remain In the bure&U long prontloeehlpe a1 u Pavement enough they are preHt I!Ure to en-pounde-." cou-::~ter adventuree where danger!! Jllld • • thrills a.re pleqtt, but lUI a. rule theft" ' . lives e.re proeal<! enough 11.n-d deYold ot mueh ot the romance trurround.lng tht "'·st •• It takea all 80 ..... ot p-pte· ·to lives ot' the detective ct tlctlol\ and the "" - ·- - SJrlnted page. .A good. pBrl of their time ma.ke a world, so It takea all 110rt8 ot Is taken up_ In l.letenlllll' to complaints detectives to make a detectln bureau. of petty thievery Md to lnvestlga.Ung The clty Detective Bureau, with more S" Jlsaqeeu.e als " that are all too common-than seven hundred men, Ia oomposed of Mr. Jc:r.tea of First .Avenue oomflalna manv types of d t t1 rniddl to the local preclnot ·house the. two • e ec ve-;young; e- n~ar-sllk suits of underwear have van-a~ red and not a tew men who have ·lehed my~erlously from the family &TOwn old and gray In the service. · wash line. It Is a case for the detec­. ·Despite the:ro many types, the city has tlves, and one of them mu11t listen to e. well-defined •~pe of detective. He Is u. Mr. Jones's Indignant complaint and '"" make an effort to find the · culprit. Mr. ·man ot M years or more, IS teet 10 Inches Jones Ia a taxpayer and hl ontltled to tall and Ill lnollne4 to stoutness. He has the same att.entlon from the pollee that broe.d shoulders, e. bull neck and Is olean- Mr. Smith ot Riverside Drive, · who has been robbed crt hie wardrobe, receives, shu.ven. Take the average policeman for Mr. Jones's lose ls .as great propor­and put him In o1v1Uan olothee and you tlonately a.a Mr. Smlth'il. have the type. · · Men who worked . under Byrnell say It Is the boas~ of experienced orlmlnale that. much of his auooesll "\Va8 due to lhat ~ey can spot e. New York " bull " his wide knowle,dge of criminals ot all the minute they see hlm, and they ha.ve olaeses and their h&Unts. In the old demonstrated their ablUty to do this on day11 the pollee rooelved muoh ln!orma­lnnumerable occasions. Cr!mlnale get to . tlon of the underworld a.nd lte charao· know atran.-e pollcemon by Instinct e.na tera from stool pigeons. Inspector by appearance and they are otten sue- Byrnes with countlees " stool I!" work­cesstul In spotting them on sight It the Ina- for the de-partment was able to detective happens to belon.- to the city's keep traclc of the movements of a vast well-detlned . type. It Is not 110 easy, number of criminals and to lay hands however, for the criminal to pick out on them when he wanted. He had an .leas familiar types. extreme!;,- wide a.cqua.lnta.nce In the city, An elusive type Is the youn1r detective and cabmen, walters, a.nd frequenters who devotes a. lot ot attention to hie per- of she.dy resorts were always tlppln• sone.l appea.ranoe .. Me.ny of these yountr ll i·n ott about the town's lu.test doings. men have a wea.knesa tor s11lt shirts In the old days many detectives received stylish clothes and ta.noy shoes. Some ol valuable tlpe a.bout ortmtnale from stool them e.re easily mletaken tor colle~re stu- pigeons. dents\... well-paid clerks or professional There ls no denylnt: the fact that de­men. ·1·ney are not, however, such slaves tectlve worll Is h~~ord. Detectives often ·to taahlon the.t they cannot cast aside work fol'...houre at a stretch with little their proud raiment .. and don u. woolen or no sleep. It Is u. common experience shirt and a coarse suit of clothes It occa- to work all day and night on a case, slon demands such a disguise. Another and then lnstee.d of turning in for a few type Is supremely Indifferent to dress hours' sleep and rest to spend the bal­a. nd teels at home only In an old e.nd ance ot the tollowtng morning In court. well-worn suit. The average sleuth likes Pn other occasions they talc:e long and to go about soberly clad. lie he.s a pen- tiresome e.utomoblle or railroad jour­chant for dark clothes and e. derby hat. neys, and not Infrequently after daye Although detectives differ In their I and nights on the roe.d they tlnd . to t~U~tes about clothe&, most ot them have their sorrow that they have been fol­something In common; they have e. lowing e. wrong clue or one that leads wea.kness for jewelry. Many sport them nowhertl, as far as the caae Is rlngo-e. dlamoncf ring preferably to any concerned. • enta: - };!0'!00 60 / fliiill- ~ ~ ~- e.-,.._~ 4:. aft:;:;~ nd;;.k; ,...~ .t-"~- ~. 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I ~ 1 ' t ~ ~ . 't11/ ~ l d t~ ~ jj.! ~{ . ~ f r.~ e .l ~ . ~lt ;_tiJ k ~ ur.}. . tt, ~!ttl ~ ~tl i l~P ~ "I want to fight too;'/ he said stubbornly. " "We need every man, and I am-rather a good shot. , I do this other because I can do it. I speak their infernal tongue. But it's dirty business at the best, sire." He r remembered to put in the sire, but rather ~ ungraciously. Indeed, he shot it out like a bullet. 1 "Dirty business!" said the King thought­fully. "I see what you mean. It is, of ' course. But-not so dirty as the things 1 they have do.~e, a!l<;i ar~_doif!.g.:• "P.ay~" he said. ':What is there to pay me With. And what rs the use of reopening the !llatter? A man may be a spy for love of.hrs country .. \Xod knows there is enough lymg and decert m the business. But to be a spy for money-never!" ''rh- ·~~" -6:Jm~~~ • • • • MINGO WITNESS AROUSES M'KELLAR He Reported to Detective Agency While Acting as Union Official. "NOT RIQHT," SAYS SENATOR Operative Got Information From Strikers in Jail While Awaiting Trial for Manslaughter. W ASA:INGTON, July 20.-Aroused by a description of methods used by pri­vate detectives In obtaining information about activities of union miners, Sen­ator McKellar, Democrat, of Tennessee, at today's hearing before the committee Investigating di sorders In the Mingo, W. Va., coal field, declared It was not "right " for men to work themselves Into the confidence of union officials and then to report to detective agencies what was going on. C. E. Lively testified that while a member of the United Mine Workers lie served as a Baldwin-Felts Agency.oper­ative in behalf of mine owners. During I the last nine years, he said, he at­tended conventions as a delegate, all the while making r egular reports to the de­tective agency. " Do you think It was right and proper to ao a s you did? " Inquired Sen­ator McKellar. When Lively replied he thought It was justifiable, ;;he Tennessee Senator asked whether the miners would have let him Into their meetings If they had known he was 11, dete.ctlve. " Let me In? " Lively retorted. " They ~'k'!,~~ .. havetutned me over to the under- B. D. Avls, Counsel for the operators, remarked that the Department of Jus­tice resorted to the· practice of ha vlng Its agents join unlo~s and other organ­Iza tions to report developments. " I don't care If It does," declared Mr. McKellar. " I don't thlrtk It's the right thing to do. Conduct like that doesn't fit In with my Idea. of American honor. No wonder you're having trouble. In West VIrginia If you're doing things like that." Senator McKellar pressed lively for Information as to whether, when he at­tended conventions of union miners he collected expenses from both the ml;,ers and the detective agency. Lively said he made It a rule to divide the ex­penses. · " Oh, I see, You have a. delicate sense of right and wrong," put In SenatoP Ke':'yon, Republican of Iowa. · Lively t estified he kept the fact he was a detective a. secret from coal operators for whom he worked and from union miners with whom he asso­ciated until after the battle at Matewan West Virginia, In Ma y, 1920, •ring which ten men, among them seven l3ald­wln-~' elts detectives, were killed. The day of the shooting, Lively told the committee, he was at United Mine Workers' headquarters, In Charleston W. Va. When news of the affray wa~ received·, the witness testified almost all " the union men at the h~adquar­ters " agreed It " was a pretty good thing " and " seemed to enjoy ·it.' One ·man; ·the · committee was told " shook hands. with himself and said It wall the beet news he had heard In a long time.' Lively testified that during the coal strike troubles In Colorado he had gone there as a mine detective. He said he killed a man In self-defense, surren­dered and for sixteen months remained In jail, " not wanting a trial.'' While In prison he talked to men jailed for dis­order In the strike and made r egular • reports to his agency. After sixteen months, he added, he pleaded guilty to Involuntary manslaughter and wa.gq re­leased. ,.. ,.J'OPICS OF THE TIMES. .,; .f, I · ~:J • • There will be general Opposition approval of the reasons Fully given by the Citizens Justified. Union for opposition to the proposal of Commls­'! Jioner ENRIGHT to establish what he calls a " secret service unit," composed of " super-detectives " known only to 1 himself and reporting only to himself, earning their $5,000 salaries In any ways deemed by him to be justifiable In the war against crime and criminals. Such a body, composed of just the right men and operating under just the right supervisor, undoubtedly could r ender Important service In the protec· - tion of society. The finding of such men, however, .would be difficult,. and, If found, they would not do the work for twice the amount suggested, unless they happened to take such Interest in It~ after the manner of detectives ,ln the ro­mances- that salary did not count fO'l' much among their compensations. As to whether or not Commissioner ENRIGHT has the character and lntelU­gence required for the proper selection and handling of a. force like this-that is a question into which It is not neces· sary to enter. Certainly we have no assurance that the head of our Pollee , Department always thus will be quali­fied, and If he were not the uses he ' might make of his unknown agents can be Imagined only with disquietude. The possibilities of corruption and oppres­sion, for anybody who chose to exploit them, would be enormous. Secret Spies Always Obnoxious. Perhaps a. better rea.· son for opposing the " super-detectives " Is the lt:~stlnctlve repug­nance In this country to the existence of spies, working under cover and with no responsibility except to a. chief from whom no detailed ac- 1 count1nc tor either the expenditures or the act~ of his agents can be demanded. Amonc the so-called Anglo-Saxon peo­ples llllch a.gen ts are feared and de­tested, though it is not dented that they mi&"ht render valuable services in special ca.se8. 'Amorig the peoples called Latin this feeling seemingly is weaker, though the seeming may be due merely to greater familiarity with the Idea. Cer­tainly it is not due to ignorance of the 1 abuses which 9an arise under such a system-of the fact that the secret po­llee always have been the favorite tools of arbitrary and despotic Governments. If the disguised spies have not com-mitted crimes essentially greater than those the punishment of which they have facilitated, the balance In their favor cannot be very large. Not infrequently the New York detectives as they are have done excellent work; that there Is among them no Sherlock Holmes Is true, but no surprise need be created by his absence from the force, as he Is purely a creature of Imagination and his pro­cedure by Induction from principles and assumptions to facts would not work In real life. He who pretends to tell what a given human being would do In given circumstances Ignores the confusing fact tha t no two human beings are alike and none Is always the same. · en1redo- ilili'DIS I ,, !· , I Senator Wheeler. I am interested in the fact that \ you made an investigation of different Senators. Mr. Means. Yes. · Senator Wheeler. And among those that you made was one of Senator Bruce of Maryland? ·Mr. Means. No; I wouldn't say that I exactly made an investigation of Senator Bruce of Maryland, Senator. Senator Ashurst. Well, you were asked to make an investigation of Senator Bruce? Mr. Means. Yes. Senator Ashurst. You were asked to 'make an in-vestigation? Mr. Means. Yes. Senator Wheeler. Now, by whom were you asked? Senator Ashurst. Yes; by whom? Mr. Means. I don't recall whether that was Jess Smith, Underwood, somebody up in the Department of Justice, some politician, or who it was. . Senator Wheeler. Now there is only one· general question that I want to ask you, and that is with ref­erence to another specific case. I am not going into the details of it at this time, but will on the next examina­tion of you. And that is with reference-- Last of All, the Investigator Himself Gets It Mr. Means (interposing). I will tell you how you can find out about all these statements, something you can investigate. They have got . my telephone wires tapped. I run three bells on my telephones to be able to tell when they tap them. I can tell in a moment when they tap them, and then I use two telephones. And I know what the average investigator is going to do. He is going to sit down and he is going to listen to the telephone they have assigned him to watch and to tap, and I will get my father-in-law to call up on one, and me on the other, and they can not listen on the . two phones at the same time. When I put three bells on a telephone-electric current won't ring more than three bells; now the moment they tap in and ring in the fourth bell one of your bells will keep quiet ; then you can depend on the fact that your telephone is tapped; I have tapped them myself. I know how to tap, and how to keep from be·ing tapped. But it is going pretty far when they tap a man's wire and keep him from talking to his counsel. ..... Mr. Flagg on Undertakers and Detectives. To the Editor· of The · l\~ew York Tim.es: 71 Most or us ·who are not related to # under­takers look upon that profession with loath­ing. Ou~ reasons are natural but thought­less. There is necessity, dignity and beauty in the undertaker's chosen work. But v.·hat of these qu¥tlities is in the work of the de­tective .w ho n1anufactures criminals? An episode at a hotel the other day was a sample of ,:m,any such despi_cable and ap­parently legal acts. Two detectives go to the hotel and register as g uests, take a room, order c igars and ginger ale. When the bell boy brings the order he is asked " where is the booze? " He tells these fake guests that they do not serve booze in that hotel. Then t hese Bulwarks or Society cajole this bell hop into fetching red-eye for them from out­side. The boy returns with a bottle of Scotch for which he has paid $1;). The Up­holders of the Constitution then hand him a summo,ns! These Pillars of Rectitude, the detectives, through bribery and talse repre­sentation, have made this boy perform a criminal act. If I were a legislator I would try to have a law ·paased making it i!iegal to a ccept evi­dence obtained in this manner. Should not the law, that we are all brought up to have reverence for, have something inherently decent about it that '"-e can revere? How are the ends of justice gained by proving that a young lad can be tempted to break the law? '\~' e a re all potential wrong-doers. The undertaker after his grim day's work is over can wash his hands with a feeling that he has done decent work. Can detec­tives who do this sort of work? The detec­tives are not fundamentally to blame-it"s the lawmakers. JAMES MONTGOMERY FLAGG. New York, June 14, 1022. --~ • ' I ' t, • • WOl'f!A"N SLEuTH. ------- . ANOTH' .ER~ARRES. -T- I Tbc 'detective asked her to make- a <l.anci! J · f)ngagement. She asked him to call. In ' the meantime she' told DwYer ·and he · · · In tum called on Major wj·nne or the IN. BERGDOLL c· ASE·.. rds~~;t ott~~~"~~~~e~\~~t a~e!n'<'{a~(\.~~~~ - . Bergdoll. Dwyc•· ca!!e<l on he woman, but Gertrude's twin slste•·. Marg,u-et, anted as her substitute and • received the Second Detective Implicated Alleged Plot to DiscreCJit Draft Board. alleged ,;oldler, who never h~ served tn in· the army.· On another occasion one of the s:i;ter~ accomp11nlcd one of the detectives to a l I dan<-. they being shadowed throughout • I the e,·enlng by an automobile <·ontain- 1 ing MaJor Wynne's men. \Vhile th•! j twin sisters were repoJ·ting all the~· · learned to Dwyer, the deteotlves, ac-· cot·dlng to his story, were making glow- TWIN SISTERS AS DECOYS lng reports to Mrs. Bergdoll. - Dwyer charges they lnw•nted an •· affinity" fo1· him, told how this ufflnlty handle.& all the graft money They Led Sleuths on While Report· ing to Their Chief, Object of the Conspiracy. which they said he had received. and told of damaging: admission.~ made by Miss Rua ne, although they ...-ere never <:ertain just which :1-llss Ruane It was' who made the adml'ssions. However, the reports failed to satisfy Mrs. Berg­doll. and she employed another detec-tive. agency . to watch the Bur\lS men. 'The two det<lctives, although unawar I SpE!cial to The New York T\m.e8 .' of It, w<'re being watched from two· · PHtt..ADELPH.IA, I<'eb. 20.-Follow- nngles~by Major Wynne and his meli. In the Interest of the Government, a nd 1 In" the arrest" yesterday of Herman F. by· the othl!r a. !l;ency In the lnterc.Bt of I !))avis, tormer assistant - manager ot Mrs. Ber!l;doll. . the Burns Detecth~e A!l;ettcy, on ·a. Dwyer made It clear that 'the two de­charge ot consph·aey to corrupt and In- t ectlves were promptly dismissed by tlmlaate Government witnesses against Wllllam J. Burns as soon as he learnhl Grover Cleveland Bergdoll, the alleged of the nature of the ease, and that the I I dra-ft dodcer. Edward lJyer, a !ormeJ· Burns Agency has since co-oper·ated -~ oper·atlve of the slJ,me agency, was taken Cull~' with Major 'Vynne In perfecting into custory today on a -Jike charge. the , Investigation. ' .Further revelation~ of the plot In wluch --- j ther ~t-re alleged to havll been engaged At the Burns Detective A!,;'ency, in the while In the . t·mploy ot Mrs. Bel guoll 'Voolworth Building, all questions con-were made today by John P. Dwyer. cernlng the BtlrgdoU case we•·e refer• e<i Secretary of Draft :Boaru No. ::2, which to 'William J. Burns, hea d of the bure>eu, Ia brlngmg against Beri'dol\ the draft who left his Scarborough home yester­evaslon charges on which he will be day noon for New York, where he could tried by cou1·t-martlal· at GoveJ·nor's not be found last nlg"ht. Beyond say­Island, New York, on March o. ing that Mrs. l!:mma Bergdoil· hc.d en- . When delay In the trial of Benrdoll gaged the Burns Agency before he wa s was granted, following his plea of In- re't":ned as her son's civilian attorney, sanity, . he Instructed Captain Bruce H1 •TY ''l'elnberS'er refused· to discuss tile Campbell, his m!lltary counsel, . to In- case yesterday. . . 1 vestl~rate charges . he made that Mr. The board of medical officers detailed Dwyer had -accepted bribes, had ·been by JJieut. ·pen. Robert L<:!e l:lullard, prejudiced against him and that lte had Commander of the' Department of the been called on the telephone b~· Mr. East, to examine Bergdoll with a \'lew Dwyer a year after he had deserted. to determining his sanlt~·. is expected to 'l'he case was accepted bY the Burn:< report either today or tomorrow. D··~ . .Agency In New Yorlt an<l Dwyc1· was Sm\th E;l:v Jelliffe and )![enas S. Greg­[ assl~ned to the case here with Davli!. ory, two New York alienist,; l'<'tained by I Mrs. Bergdoll• paid $500 as the Initial the defense, will not expres" the!r opin­retainlng fee. A room was en!':agcd 1r1 ion a,e to Bergdoll's mental ·condition the Adelphia Hotel. The detectives Clrst until aftet• the atmy doctors report their attempted to reach Il!ls;; -GibbR, one of . findings. ' . the d.raft board clerltS, according to Mr. I After having been twice postponed, . Dwyer. She, howeym·, was Ill. Never- t Bergdoll's trill.! before a t;ener·al cour·t theless. Dwyer as.3erts, the detectives martial will begin March 4 on Gov­made up reporl.l! purvortlng to glvo con- erno1·'s Ialanq. Recent developments ln­versatlons with her m which she made dlcate that the trial will not be 'a shor:t statements damagln&: ta Dwyer. one lt~t rather· one bristling wfth mill- Then then llOUiflit Miss Gertrude tary, legal and medical technicalities. Raun~, another . clerlt. On Tuesday, The prisoner will be brought to trial Feb. 3, Dwyer .caaed Miss Raune on the undeJ'. o~e charge, of -de1ertlon. In time telephone at her home. He Introduced of w:o.r o. conviction carr·ies a death pen­himself us Edward Dwyer of Syra.cuse, altv, but since publication of an E:~ccu­N. Y., and told her he had he"n in the th·e order last April restoring all court army at Camp Jackson. 'V'hlle there, martlals tor· thls charge to a peace­he stated, he had received a sweater time basis, the maximum punishment ·ts bear.!_ng Mis>l Ru~ _ name and address .. ei~Chteen rnor.ths' imprisonment. ~1.1~~0. ,/ • CRIMINAL WANTED (Description of) . ASK l!"'OR ARP.EST . 01!' BUTLER SAXDS I LOS A);OELES, l<'eb. 7.-An­other day of investigation of the slaying of. 'Villlam Desmond Tay-lor, film director, culminated in 1 the issuance by the pollee of a cir- f . cular ask}ng the arrest of Edward F. Sands, formet· sect·etary and · butler for Ta~'lot·. The circular was ordered for­><: a,·ded to all police departments of tho country. lt contained a pi'C­ture of Sands, declared by Captairr of Detectives David Adams to be the only one in existence; so !at· as the }5olice have been able to learn. At the same time Captain Adams declared that Sands was the only person whose arrest the police were seeldng in connection with the case. . ·"ThePe has been · abundant sur­miFe about other individuals," he said "and we have tun down countless clues relating to the murder. But I can say _positive­ly that we have no leads that would warrant us seeking any one but Sands." The ci!'lcular reads as follows: WANT N<iXE BUT SANDS "'Ve hold warrants on charges of grand larceny felonies for the arrest of Ed!ward F . San d.s. 'Ve have also burglary charges against him and seek him for the murder of William Desmond Taylor in this city of Los Angeles on the evening o'f February 1, 1922. . "Description: Edward F. Sands, American or English birth,; · has been k nown to ·give his name as W. D. ot· William Deane Tanner. Is believed to have also used the name of Edward Fitz Strathmore. He is about 26 years· of age, his height five feet, .seven or eight Inches; heaYy built, some months ago weighed 185 to 195 pounds ot· more, hut is said to be l!ghtei· now; present weight may .not be more than 17 5; round, full fa·ce, light complexion, very heavy brown hair; rather heavy •eye brows, said by some to almost meet over his nose; short nose; peculiar mouth which looks small when closed; .smokes cig·arettes; , usual ly well dressed ; is well cdu- . cated; fine penman; good ac­cou ntant ; is said to have served ·in the United States navy." 73 • uee.:c{) - uor:roo DICTOPHONE. ''STARTINQUIRY INTO DICTOPHONE PUZZLE Witnesses Hint Darkly· at Di­vorce S.uits and . OamblinK Plots at Sleuths' Hearing. " LISTENED IN" ON SISTERS rfl;lp v;: ... w~. . t (t.. ; j s/1'1'-· . I Young Women Thought Private De· . ~ec,lve~ ~~r~ Electl'!clans and ·. Gave Them,•Run of -Th.elr Flat. ~ Cross-examluatlpn of four witnesses. In t!)e case of Anthony Senes, a private d~tective who had' lnstalled two dlcta­phones In the apartn\e'nt o! NaU1an New­man 'i-t HS East Twenty-~eYenth Street. toolt ' place ' Yel!terdal' at the hearing before Magistrate '.reh Eyck In the Yorkville Coui·t. Assistant Distri~;t-.At­t~ r•~i ·Ferdinand Pecora, who Is prose­cutlrit the case against Senes And, .1tis aCCOJTlpllces, .· S~art~d the eX!j<mlnatfon, Alplio;m.se G.· Koelble being the counsel for the a~endants. The names of _the two ' ,men. who wit11esses had testified weer· seim "listening In " on conversa­tions In the Newman home on various ocC&Bions w er e,_ besides Senes, Harry Van ~Pelt •. . a member of Senes's bureau at lllii Broadway, and Jack Jacobson, a form'er janitor of the Newman house. After, t'I'I;O hours . o! -examination Coun-­selor . Koelble asked the Judge to · post­pone the trial to some future date, as he tr&nted to submit a brief. ~iagis­trate' Ten E'yck said that· he would not grant him any ·tlme after today, and the case therefore will be reaumed';..toda.y· at Z o'clock. · The tirst witness to be called was :M:r. Newman, who said that he - th·ed :,•.;lth tlfs wife, son, and three daughters on the second floor of. a two-family · i10use at 148 .-East ·Twenty-seventh Street. On the night ~f · Thursday, Aui. 2t, he said he went "into the cella!~ bt his bQuse after ·being told ·by the janitor that wires leading from hi3 apartment to the basement were ttios'l or . a dlctaphone: Upon e11terln~ the cellar, he sa1d, he saw three men sitting about a table, two of them holding receiYcT:;; to their ears. Assaulted by ·Det.ectlve. " ' \'\<-bat are y~u - doing here?'•" h~ said he .asked the men. Tht!reupon, he testified;" Jacobson rushed over to· him and.h'tt him In the eye wlth··hls fist: He I Immediately ·yelled fo.r assistance, but before· any one had come, he s&ld, Senes grabbed him by the thumb, bending his arm behind him. With his other hand I Senes kept · his mouth closed, the 'plain.tiff asserted, threatening him with a revolver If he dared make anothe.r outcry. · .. Aftm· .Senes had grabbed and gagged me," the · witJ'IP.ss continued, "he told Van Pelt to t·un and etrfp the wires, which he did. Just after he had .. done this my wiio\ and daughters came down I to the cellar,· but Senjtl told them U1at he would fl~e at them It they made any noise. H•i showed 11. detective's badge, ~•t the same · tlmel;l · ·randlshlng a re-volver: · · ' · '\ "'" His first . shouts; however; ·1re. . said, brought many per·sons-to the · basement, and Senes .was place4 ulj(}er arrest. On I Monday· he was. held by Magistrate Ten Eyck on a charge of-violating the Penal Code which makes ea vesdropplng a ~Is­demeanor ·. I F'urthcr _,questioning by Mr. Pecora brought out the fact that when Mr. New­man had been told by the janitor durin& the day that o. dictaphone ·was Installed 1 !n his apartment, h<;.- searched his. prem- 1 tses. finding one on top of the picture moulding In the living room, and another behind a screen on the wall of his dal;IC'hters' bedroom. . ·' Among the artlclel! which l\1r. Ne,.·­man testified he had seen In the cellar -on Thursday night, arid which were clho"fn the Court Yesterday·,, were sev~ I era! ,batteries, a black leather case con­talhlng a buzzer system•made by the Globe E&rphone Company o! Boston, three receivers. two transmitter~. wires, tool~. and othet· f1_rtlcles which elec­tricians carry. such as sockets, plus-s, tape, tacks, · &c. · . · After Oamblero, JanitGr . ''I" as TG!d~ I The methods by which Senes placed , the dictaphonc;; In the two room·s, arid I his all\lged reasons .for doing so, were brought out by the answers of Nathan · 'I Barbour, the janitor ot 148-li\0 l52 East Twenty-seventh Street. ·who testified I that the detect~ni had told him that he wa$ trying to ~hadow some gamblCI"s, and, ~ileving them to be friends of the Nc:wman girls. want to seek Information from thflt source. ,., The first tlme that l had seen Mr. Senes," Barbour testl!led, "was In the apartment of Mrs. Fannie Levy, the owner of the . houses. around. July 21 of this ~-ear. In the room were Aaron J. J.,evy. her eon; Senes, who was Intro­duced to me. as a detective. and another man who was also Introduced to me as a detective. No names "·ere ;nentloned. but ·since then I heard .~nes called · 'l'on )- and the unknown man 'Joe.' " ·After I -was Introduced· to the men one or them said to -me, .' \Ve are alter a gambling ·clique. '1'h·ose l!'irls in the Newman apartment travel wlth some ot them, &nd '1\·e want to get Information from the girls whh::h we could use a~ evldeQ· ~: In their a.rrest.' · "Tl! ' then asked · me·· to leave the aparln ent. · but laws called , b&ck in five · or· ten mlnues. Senes then asked me If there was any way by which he could. gain entranc.c Into. the Newman .rooms a.nd I suggested that he and his ! eHow-detecth·a pose' as electricians. as there had bt'en trouble with the electric lights a few days bfore. The next day he and ·Joe' went Into the · Newmar~ apartment and remained tn· there for an hour. ·I .was In the buement while they were fixing tho wire~. but before I ' I ea~'lng · the house Senes came down to t ell . me that . everything- was all right and . that -expected to ' make a good· Job · ot lt.' '" · . · -''One da~· while I · was pa:,,.•ing through the basement Senes asked me It I'd llko to ilsten In," Barbour ·continued: "I thoucht it Wbuld be quite a nov.,lty, 9ever having .)lad one .of . those .things around ml' head, so I put the receiver to mj· ears "but there was .so much buzzing that I · could hardly make ' out what was being said, although I heard . the girls' voices. At first I was a bit lmpr_essed with what was golntr on, but when I couldn't make out anytblng I thou~ht It was a. ' lot of· bunk.' A~J.:ed to (let AotomGblle Xo,.."b~~ •. ~'-A~ another time S.enes , told rile "to g~ the Ucen..e number ot every auton lo­~ lle that stopped In f1:on t of the ' houl'<e. r did get ·a !ew numbers, b\lt the· onh· one that I can remember no'l\' Is 211,486. 1 toid Benes the numbers of the ma­chines' I had seen, but he told me that none of them v.-as the one he wae watching for·. ' "'The detcctl\·e told me to kE-ep quiet a1;d not mention either the dlctaphone or U1c automobiles to any­one. He even promised to glvo me some money aB coon as the dictaphone ,..-as in working- o<'der, but 1 ncvor received a ny from him. " At frequent times I h eard the men talking about a divorce, and one day while • Joe' and Senes were having a couversatlon the name o! Mrs. Hutchins or Hutchinson was mentioned, but U1at 1. Is all 1 lmow about that matter. " 1 Explaining what happened on Th Ul' 3 - ~ day nil!"hl, Barbom· sald: " Senes IUld Yru1 Pelt entered the basement at 8 :30, followed a tew minutes later by .Tacob­son. '£hey were at li1elr tabla just a . - l!ttiP. while when :Mr. Newman was J heard coming down the cellar. I ran up , to the ground !1\)or when Sam Newman responded to U1e cries of hli father. He asked me to go down with him, butl ans'l\·er~. ' Like h-1.' .- · ' . In the t.,slmony of Miss Frances New­man, she corroborated the assertions of the janitor in!lofar as th·ey , dealt with the fact that the ·men repres>il?ted them­selves as electricians ani'! that she opened the dor tor .. them: ' , , l'l'he lut wltn.eas "" to be examined was James Dafter, a reporter for 'l'hc. Eve­ning World. He testified that he had seen Senea a !f!w .times since his arrest to get a story from him. _During one of tt~ese Interviews, he saiq, Senes had told him that he had -imtalled diets­phones In ela-ht homes in connection with the same case. - , In asking for an adjournment in order to file a brief, Mr. Koelbe stated that If the Magistrate should decide the ca.se . against his clients, he wou,ld feel con-~ strA.Ined to seek a writ of habeu corpus. " ''Vhy not facilitate matters?" asked the Magistrate. " I am prepared to hold the defendants! to·r trial on the eYidence that has been submitted In , the case. Then you · could ,_apply for a ~writ at onCe." , - ·t Mr. Koeloe said he would rather st(b­mlt 3. brief and the J\Iag1•t rate granteQ,, his request "for ·an adJournment. ,=iNDS DRUGS SHARPEN EARS Johns Hopkins Experimenter Suc­cessful With Qulnine ·Acetanllid and ! f /•'1"; fit ·lo/!)r)Salol. , Special to the N ew York Tin~e8. ·--.. I BAJJi'LM:ORE, Dec. i2.-Dr. David I. ~facht of the J olms Hopkins Medical I School , who is conducting research work in pha rma cology, has discovered drugs that, when used in ju~t the proper doses and at t_he right time. will increase I the sensitiven ess of the human ear and thus ena ble an individual to hca•· over a wider range. Quinine Is one of the drugs that In small dose•, increases acuity. Aritl­pyrln pyramldon, a lso In small doses had that effect, Acetanilid and salol' administered separately, impaired hear~ lng but a combination of the two was f ound that Increased acuity. Many ways have been suggested In 1 which the " dictaphoned " ear may be .used for eavesdroplng and other pur- . ' poses to the advantage of the . used, ~~os I f or ex.,a.mple In the detection of burgla r$,. I. I I ?7 • • • -. \ • I .I I I I I ; l J i I I I ' /. eb.-lj __,.... ltl'r--a~ . .2' ~· A- ,_./,.~. ;s. ~­/ f.~-~' .s-. fi~- 4~· 6. ~. 7. ~- 8'. Ep rv'V o-l..wv~. A. J>n-:-/" ,h)>JJ /r)'JT c "' 6,., \ :JP/ ;)>-~<n _/,..,;~. ~> \1 )>(7 v n 1J'r/ (< v f-fl 7 " ,,, ,, ' 7tiJ \ " t:\-Yrt'!>" t~l~l ' n b-1 "' vv7 .~L ~I - t>V > UJoU7> I? Jl< ,L,):J> ttG/ ... 1\ 7 c " 'l < 1-.t{;) ,.CJ, _.Zit 1 J..t -e_t. ,-" A.. r...,\t · 1 ~j l) . . • '· I· I I i - I .• • ,, • ~~­~"'-' - (!'lt alv.w!~ .J. ~ '( p{;j~ ~ I ~~ *"~ ~1-c.~~J--?., ~;;...._~ . #:;o~ 1- ,.__ ~) ""'-- ~ ..t.., ,.. ~,, .,... ~ 4-,~ . ~d. ;:r;;:;;..._ (~.... ... , :r, .,2Jo..J') • . • II 'I I' I . I I I I 1! • • \ PROHIBITION AGENT. B.C. (date). l-Ion. --- ---- Supervising Federal Agent. Richmond, Va. Sir:- I have the honor to report that on --- 192-. I proceeded from--- N.C., at 8 a.m., incompany with--- F.P.A. and--- of ---. by auto 8 miles north, and thence afoot 4 miles north­west to a point where we seized and destroyed the following property.- 1 co pper still of 60 gals. capacity. 1 copper still cap, 1 copper condenser, 1 wooden doubler, 7 fermenters, 1 flake stand. 1 mash stick, 75 ft. wooden troughing, 1 axe, 1 shovel, 4 whisky kegs, 28 gals. corn whisky, 300 gals. beer. The value of this property before destruc t ion was $ and afterwards it was worthless . When we arrived at this distillery it was i n full operatton at the bands of --- --- and --- --- and one other nan who escaped unrecognized. A.plain path led from this distillery 1/4 mile to the residence of --- ---, and there was mo other path leading from it. We .detained --- --- and--~ ~-~and turned them over to U.S.Commissioner --- at ---. They gave bond for a ppearance at preliminary hea ring . Form 1407 herewith inclosed . --- --- F. P.A. . . . A.I.D )I~OA A\3N 3!1N3J\ V H.L~no.:l 6£Z .ANVdWO:) ~NIHSIIHOd ~Nil.OQ IJNil.f10 s:zooppv /Iff PROHIBITION DETECTIVES. EINSTEIN, RUM SLEUTH qpr, h" ( . ·-~----r--7'-- .1 • <P'.fl-1 "'40, 31'4 ~..L · Ex~lo1t~ of P'rohibition Agent in D1sgu1ses Ra11ging From Dress j Clotl1es to Overalls · B;v TRUl\IA:;of H. T .-\J;LEY. f IN rum-running circles the name Izzy Einstei,n bas become a curse ; among rum-consuming elements. an epithet; in rum-chasing qua rters, a J?Otto; among rum-1'-.atlng factions, an "ideal." Next to Volstead blm~elf. Izzy Einstein represents all that is good or b,ad, depending upon the point of view, in the matter of prohibition. The ancient ~nd n1ore or 1ess l1onor- 2.ble art. of sleuthing baR ha<,l_ Its many transformations, confot:ming to the standards and requirements of the vary­Ing cycles of buman history, so it Is only natural that with the advent of the dry age we should find a new and distinct) type of detective on our hands. And just \ as the different periods In the past re­quired inquisitorial methods und their manipulators peculiarly fitted and tralned tor the task of remedying th"e prevailing evils, so toda.y has the oner­ous job of enforcing the dt-y laws de­veloped a procedure and a personnel that fill the Immediate need. Izzy Einstein stands forth with his trusty lieutenant Moe Smith as the mas­ter hooch-hound, alongside whom all the rest of the pack are but pups. It statis­tics on the vast extent Of tbe !lllcl t liquor trade are correct. there must · be many a worried dealer In wet goods who keeps a weather eye out for " that Izzy Einstein," whose seven-league methods pave played havoc with the bootleggers and whose next exploit is awaited amon~ 'that gentrY about as eagerly as th: Pl!l-&"Ue. The lzzy Einstein theory Is as simple as It Ia effect! ve, and In its simplicity and Its dfectlveness It Is bewildering. It would seem to bP. predicated, first, ur-on the fu.lrly well substantiated bellef J that the desire to buy and consume 11quor Is general among all walks and classes of people and, second, upon the not Illogical assumption that the In­clination of those who have liquor to I dlapense are willing to sell It to all those walks and classes. with one ex­ception- those who walk In: a class by themselves and are known as prohibition agents. Izzy pondered t)l!s simple prob-lem and decided the way to catch rum aellers was to look and dress an'd act the .PII-rt· of any and all walks and clasaea except the unwelcome one. Eln•teln's Dl&ll"ulaea. The fa11ure of most plainclothes men to disguise their true status is almost notorious. A " bull " Is a " bull," thtl croo!< aays, whether In uniform or not. Whether It Is poor stage management I or bad acting, . the cop In civilian at­tire and the agency de.tectlve usually stand out as though , wearing a Cardi­nal's hat, and It was to the task of ef­tectlvely overcoming th!J.t traditional fault of sleuthing that Izzy bent hls energ-Ies when he left Postal Station K and joined the rum squad. He decided upon a category of true-to-life dis­guises that would fit him for all the avenues, highways and alleys In the labyrinth he was entering, and, like the true actor rehearsing for a l~ng run, he not only learned his parts but grew Into them. He became a man of parts. 1 He prepared himself to move In high, low and medium circles-on the excel­lent' theory that the taste for liquor and Ute desire to sell ~ are no respecters of persons-and In all those circles he ha~ since been whirling with rapidity and a quick-change adeptness. " Dress clothes tor Broadway and overalls for the water front," Izzy says In partial explanation of, his method, but that by no meaps tells the story. For all his careful self-training In the false-whiskered art, Jzzy Is blessed with a foundation admirably fitted for the deceptive trimmings he assumes. Heavy set, smiling, broad-faced1 an earnest and convincing talker, a man who looks you straight In the eye as begulllngly as a shrewd poker player with at least four aces, he would appear upon brief observation to be the quick-sale type of merchandise dealer-an energetic busi­ness builder, perhaps. To others, In a change of clothing, a marked resemblance to the neighborhood butcher or grocer might be noted. He might be a manufacturer of gannents. 'l'o hear him talk of automobile acces­sories. or kindred subjects, would not be surprising. lie is the twin of many a merchant. He literally looks the part of New York's man In the street. Yet, though In every-day' attire and for pur­poses of getting evidence on the average New York saloon he may appear to be a composite picture of all the city's dell­catessim dealers. 'be becomes the husky hunky In his rough duds when he sallies Into longshoremah territory. That done, and, presto, he is faultlessly accoutred for an evening's round of the gay jazz palaces, where he appears to be nothing so much as the man who has just put through a big deal and wishes only to celebrate his success, regardless of ex-pense. A day wltll Izzy would make a chame­leon blush for lac!G of variations. Up with the milk strikers and ca-r crews, along the docks In the morning hours of ship-to-truck loading, In and out of tho best and the' worst of noon-hour lunch bars, on one or more of anY number of special _coups In the afternoon, .to the res­taurants In and ~ear New York for din­ner and an evening devoted to social and semi-social events where flask, private stock and cellar contribute to the fes­tivity- his day is just one booze complex after anotb~!"- No stock Is too small and no still too large for Izzy to tamper with and tap. J~vlm the sum total of his conquestls Is so great that he has long since lost track of it. So crowded with seiz~res and confiscations has his career been that he remembers only some of the notable ones. Two thousa.nd cases of whisky and 367 barrels of wine consti­tuted one little haul. A 700-case s~lzurc of whisky he mentioned as another trlfl~- ' One of his earliest exploits In which be t&kes pride, even though til«l h:l.ul was small, occurred last Fourth of July, when the great wet parade v:as held, Not only did he march with the "wets," but he followed some of them Into the b)l-paths, with devasta ting effect on the unsuspecting dealers in the very article fat· which the demonstrators were per­spirh: gly pa1·adlng. In one of the drug . stores at which he stopped he asked for a half-pint. It was sold him. He stuck It i.n his pocket and sauntered leisurely toward the door. Some wares caugbt his eye. He casu~Jly lool<ed them over. Nothing precipitate about Izzy. A min­ute or two elapsed after the purchase of the flasl<, and to all intents and pur­, poses the purchaser "o/as a bout to go on his way. The cautious druggist called to him as his hand was on the door. " Come back. friend, and I'll sell you some real stuff," the druggist called out. Izzy turned. ·· I wasn t sure who you were when you came in and I gave you colored water. You ml!tht have been a prohibition agent, and I have t~ be careful. But you haven' t tried to pinch me, so I g'uess you're all right." \Vhereupon the druggist took bacl< the decoy bottle and gave the " all right " customer Its equivalent in real whisky. Then Izzy arrested him. The effectivene~s of Izzy's natural dis­guise Is Illustrated by an experience In the once roaring but still hard-bo!le< :forties where the dispensers, to continue dispensing more than a few hours, must know the foe the minute he iiarken'a the door. Izzy and two fellow-agents set out to get the evidence on one of those few r•cmalnlng bars that exist presum­ably' as lunch counters. His two com­panions remained outside while Izzy en­tered and stepped up to the bar. Mop­ping his brow and wlth the air of on ~ much fatigued, Izzy In whispered but despairingly earnest tones asked for something to brace him up. The bar­tendtJr made a quick survey of the sup­pliant and seemed satisfied. " All right, I guess," the bartender said, having glance.d around the roORl and reassured himself there were no tat­tlers present. Th,en he chanced to look out of the front window. •• But walt just a minute," he •ald. " See those two fellows out there? " Izzy turned and saw his two agents, marking time. '" They're prohibition agents. I can spot 'em as far as I can see 'em. \Valt ur,ttll they walk on by and I'll serve you." · I~)' waited. Presently his two men sauntered on. The bartender appee.,.d with the drink. " Tht>y can't fool me," the bartender remarked, with the air of one who knows his ropes. "You may think u ·~ foolish, but you've got to pl11.7 safe these days." A moment later he was arrested an:l In custody of the two sure-enough dry agents who had been summoned by their squad ch!l;f, who, to proceed with an­other point In the study of the redoubt­able Izzy, had the liquid evidence In his pocket. As remarked earlier, whisky and Izzy don'.t agree. One might be led to believe thi.t the dry agent's life Is just one d.ripk after another, and with some, 1t probably Is-but not with Izzy. H e doesn't like It In the first place, but. w~at Is more Important, an offender can't be punished on consumed evidence. The liquor must be produced In court. And the prohibition ,agent who tried ~o carry a glass of whisky from the seen~ of the raid to the courtroom might spill It, or more · likely be mobbed. The re- . sourceful- Izzy devised a short cut, and, tor all I know, may have ,applied for a patent. It's almost worth lt. Iszy's Plumbinlr System. In the upper left-hand pocket of hls coat Izzy has install ~d a unique plumb­ing system. The pocket Is made into a tunnel, fined wlth material durable enough to withsta~d the liquid fire at­tributes of the worst " hooch." Inside the coat, Into which the funnel teeds, Is butlt a flask. The rest Is simple. \V'hen Izzy orders-and g ets-·a drink, his right arm comes up a