Horace Kephart (1862-1931) was a noted naturalist, woodsman, journalist, and author. In 1904, he left St. Louis and permanently moved to western North Carolina. Living and working in a cabin on Hazel Creek in Swain County, Kephart began to document life in the Great Smoky Mountains. He created 27 journals in which he made copious notes on a variety of topics. Journal 14 (previously known as Journal XXV) includes information on plants, trees and forestry. Click the link in the Related Materials field to view a table of contents for this journal.

• Creator
  • Kephart, Horace, 1862-1931
• Format
  • Manuscripts (documents)
• Type
  • Text
• Date
  • Date digitized: 2017-02-13
• Extent
  • Dimension: 11" x 8.5"
  • Pages: 291pages
• Subject - Topic
  • Forests and forestry
  • Mountain plants -- Appalachian Region, Southern
  • Natural areas
  • Plants
  • Trees
• Location
  • Swain County (N.C.)
  • Great Smoky Mountains (N.C. and Tenn.)
• Source institution
  • Western Carolina University
• Source Collection
  • Horace Kephart Collection
• Identifier
  • HL_MSS80-24_62_J14
• Repository
  • Western Carolina University Hunter Library

Horace Kephart Joumal14 () sS PLANTS- Other usefUl. ~--~-- Iw-~ ) .2·• -llt• ~~~' ~~/7::r,.v., .t¢i'~/~, aw.u.:.e..- W:~~;. ( ~{..;~ ~~) ..;., - ~ +' 4>-<-#.b.. lt1:t;- _u-..:A. L<4vl- ~ ~ ~~~r~·~. ~~~ ~,.u{ ....:.d;. ..fUtA_t. . c~e..~,,p.-.,6-.J'--:.) ) ' PLANTS- Poisonous and Noxtous. t ' ' H. K.- No . 2. 1 - 19-1905 . i n the life of an out-door sporting man. Possibly this is not the ri ght way for 'ine to begin. If not , won ' t you kindly give me your views in regard t o t h e way you would advise an amatur e to start out with his hunting,trapp.ing , etc., · education. 1\foth.ing gives me more pleasure t han to be out climbint; hills with ny gun, and dog, or going out in a flat - bottom boat, which we \ have at home, and I think you can fully real i ze my feelings in the matt er . This :pleasure, however , I can only enjoy o;n a Saturday afternoon, or ' uring my vacation , or possibly on a holiday, as whene"'rer we do not work at the office, the f i rst train leavi ng Baltimore takes me up to the Country, and the last one brings me back. At the pr esent tL"'ne, I am not subscribing for any book, or I magazine, simply buying one occasionslly at the News Stand , and noting t he Ad . l ately of FI EJJD & STREAM, I bought one , but I was thinking possibly there was something bet t er a l ong that line , or poss i bly it would not be the right way to start out by simply reading illustrated magazines . Not kn owing your addr ess, I am sending this let t er in care of FIEJJD & STREAM ~ub . G o ., and trus t y ell will receive it all O. K. I . I Thank i ng y ou i n advance f or any informq.tion , or advice you can give me in re ga rd to this, which will be gr11a t ly appreciat ed , and hoping to be of se rv i ce t o you at some futu1e time , I remain , Addre ss : #2127 Yours l N. Ca ll..v ert. St., Ba~ t imore , l[d. very truly , 1 ~ I AUTHORITIES . Boul ger . wood . Brisbin . Trees and tree planting . Britton & Brown . Ill ust rated f l ora . Brown•& Nisbet , The forest er . Browne . Trees of America . Bruncken . North American forests and forestry . Charpentier. Timber . Emer.s on . Trees and shJ•ubs of Massachuset ts . Fernow . Economics of f or estry . Forestry . Garden & Forest . Girford . Pr actical forestry . Hough , F.R. Elements of fo restry . Hough , R.B. illnerican woods . Houston . outlines of fore s t~; . Johnson, J . B. Mat erials of engineering . Johnson , L. Medical botany . Kent ucky Geological Survey . Timber and botany .B. Kidder . Building construction . Laslett . Ti mber . Michaux & Nuttall . North illnerio~m sylva . Milspaugh . American medi cinal plants • . · "::' Pinchot . Adirondack spruce . 11 Primer of forestry . Pt . l . 11 White pine . Porcher . Resources of southern fields and forests . Roth . First book of forestry . Sar gent . SylYa . 11 Woods of the Uni t ed States . Schlich . Manual o:f forestl"Y. Simpson . New fore s t ry . U. s . Dep ' t o:f Agri culture . Yeal' book ~ . 1894 . (Fernow. Forestry f or :farmers . ) 1896 . ( Elb.tfl1\i o::: l:Jses cO f' ·~ W O.Od . ) 1897 . (100 trees most i mportant i n :forestry . ) -- Division o:f Fores try . Bul leti ns . 6 & 8 . ( Fernow . Ti mber phys i cs . ) 10 . ( Rot h . Ti mb er . ) 13 . (Mohr . Ti mber pi nes o:f the sou t hern states . ) 22 • ( s--palding . Wbi t e pi ne . ) 34 . (Fox . Hi s to1~y of t he l umber i ndu stry in New Yor 1c. ) 37 . (Ha11 . Har dy Oat a l pa . ) Clllrcul ar . 19 . (Roth . Bal d cypr ess . ) 71 ( u . s . Geol ogi cal sur vey . 19th annual report . Part 1 , pp . 1- 66 . , ( Gannett . For ests of t he Unit ed St at es . ) ~It. S . Census . 1880 . 10th . Vo l . IX . For e s t t r ees . l 900 . l 2th . Vol . IX . Manu:factures , pt . 8 . United s t ates di spensatory . Wal'd . Timber . Also t he stat e fo res t r y r eports of Maine , New York , Ohio, Mi nhigan , I ndi ana , Mi nnesot a , Kansas , Col orado . .,.., ... ..---·-------------~ l UTILIZATION OF TREES FORMERLY NEGLECTED. I See PINE , WHI TE. Economics or modern l umbering . (Mich . For . corom . , l890 , 37 , 41 . CONSUMPTION OF TIMBER AND VALUE OF TIMBER I NDUSTRIES . U . S . C ensus , l900 , ~IX , 803- , Man . u . s . Bureau of statistics, Monthly surrnnary , Nov . , l 900 . Bruncken , 64 . See WOOD PULP . FUEL. ( Gannet t , p . 20 . MATCHES .- ( Forester , VI ,l74 . TREES. Cla s s es of trees . (Johnson, Mat erial s , 206 . Br oad- l eaved . ·I Needle- l eaved . c; I RANGE OF TRE S HEREIN DESCRIBED . TREES OF WIDE RANGE .- TREES OF LIMITED RANGE .- /0 MANNER OF GROWTH. (LaB1et t , 35 . Parts of a tree .- ( Pincho~ , B . How a tree br eat hes .- ( Pinchot , 15 . Effect of 1 igh~ . concli tions . cr ~ar :b 9oR;-. I 94 , 464 . Dense for ests and open woods .- ( Sch1ich ,17 . Las1ett , 49 , 52 , 95 . _F.oth, 5,7 . N.Y. Forest Re_ . , 1894 , 124 . How a t ree feeds .- ( Pinchot,11 . Year b9ok, ' 94 , 461 . How a t ree grows .- (Pinchot , 18 . ,. TREES r.rOLERANT OF SHADE . Balsam Fil' ' ver y) . Basswood (moderately) . Beech (exceedingl y . The Birches . The Catalpas . The Cedar s . Chestnut (moderat ely) . Hemlock . Hi ckory (moderately) . Red and sugar Mapl es ,moderately). Mul ber ry . Bur Oak (moderately) . vVhite Pine (moderat ely) . The Spruces . The As hes . The Aspens . The . Cherries . Cottonwood . IDhe•. t ocusts . Silver Maple . White Oak . TREi S INTOL 1RANT OF SHADE . Lobl oll y , Long-leaf, Pitch and Short- l eaf Pi nes . Sycamore . Tar a •a ck. (very) . Tulip ( v el"'Y) • 1/ ;· PECULIA ITIES OF GROWTH . Favorable soil .- .. !lfDIJPJ'EREN'!' ( DrY or J.f-ot 8t • ) Q~ v;ap~n r~> ( Bt:rnt Land.-s. > Amm.oan Wh:l.te Bird·h (Burnt L•) Oltt.:nquaptn Roak Elm ~ p#tb1rvt,d; 1/t.'e/<.t!f'!/ Red OaK ~ &....~ <9 • White Oak W1~llow Oak Pers:tromon ( Aband~ne<\ Fields. ) . LoblollY Pine ( • ., ) Pi.toh ~.ne Short,- leaYed Ptne Wht te Ptne· . P:rtokl.y Asb fAbandoned Fields.) serv1oe-b8l"':M' Sheetl-berr'f Blaak SPrtlo.e Lar:ge-trzU-1:-eJ.., Thorn... ·13ebhs WilUw- SWAMPS.. OVERFLODIJ BOT~COUS . llrhoru;-bte Blaok Ash sweet Ba., sout.:RM'!!l Wh:t t-e cedar . 'fR<rl. te o 8da-J.t Bald Cypress_~~ SW'tuiJ) R:f.oko.ry water Loau:st I Ov-tn-otlP Oak SWaMP ~.te Oak I'J!.te:t- Oak . wild.~e "Pl~. Planer T:re.e . Pot son St:m~ao Tarnarao ~ ta~e;e 'l'u.pelo Glau~ous Willow BORDERS OF . STREAYS AND SWAMPS . smooth Al.d-er Spflokled. Alder Aneelioa 'rrlt"- RedA8h Red Bay Red Birch _aox :mlt\ce:r c"':h:xlra... c·ot tonwood 1171.nge 'h'8e ~- r S carlet /law. Red lfap-18~ /lo,.nJ>eam. lr!ount.ain &eh We8t~ Yottntain Ash Pi.n Oak Peo.a Balsam Poplar SWUJp. Popl ar t ·oe sya.a;aore El :;.... Wi!,OW Peaob- -eaved Willow Sandbar Willow . . • .~.,, W-:f. toh Hazel -sJutta~ tAl ~ RICH RO'l'TOY- I,ANDS . Large-toothed Aspen. ·Green Ash White Ash Basswood Wht te Basswood. Red Bay Blaok Birch Pap·er Birch Yellow B:f.rah Oh:f.o Buokeye sw~e+, B\'!.akey~ SOttthern Buckthorn ~~Ja~-leaved. Bl.tek thorn. Burning Bueh Catawba APterioan Crab A'Pr>le NtU.'l'"OW- l ·&'\Ved Crab Apple C\lO'U11bel' Tree Al ternate-leavecl Dogw()od Plowm.ne Dogwood SJ. t !)·pe~r Eln Whit·e El-m Balsam Pi:r sweetr 9\m-- Haokberry Big ShelJ.b~ Hiekory WM. t e-hea~ Hickory Amertoan RollY Ken -t\l. otY Oo~fee Trj'~ 'ltORey lsOOl18 - ~--.i~ Large-leav80. Yagnolia Silver liaDle Red Uulbel-r"Y Basket Oak Burr Oak Sltf.ngle Oak ~; · Osage Orange Pa _ e~ 'Pl-u.- . ~.J.d Y'ellovt Plnm Red- bud ~.lv~bell Y'el.l.OW PoDlU' .Blaok Walnut / O>V J.!J \. ~ J ) --1 :BJ.ne Ash · Beeoh . rm ttel~ut. - ch,ke Che~ Wtld Blaok Cherry w:t.ld Red Oher:r.-Y" { Bttntt Lands) Chestnut SO\ thftrn Ba lsru!t -Ftr Black Haw P:t. g- nnt Hiekory Shellbark Hickory ROll Tr6e Hol' Rornbearl Yellow L-ooust Monnt.. atn Magnol.ia l{otmta'!n MaDle S tl~-l,ed Uapl e Sugar )!a'P l~ Ch:'.ol<asaw PltJm ~Ol-d l Sat:uJaf"rae (~~~~ ,~ so~l Tree ' Bla c:k .t.rh0rn Scarlet Thorn wasld.neton ~horn tJ'Y!!lbl~'- la Tft& Yellow WoOd llRY , BOOKY RILL'S! D'ES ,. MOUNTAINS. Red Cedar · ~ Lq.ry:e-l eq_uecl "ol!!J. ·Great Laltl"'el '- Jw.niper lt.ountai n Laurel ~ Cl"•:m~ Loc.usl:. :Bla 'lk- c.Tack Oak JJ:h4Mt tnat 6M-Post- Oak • Rook Cllewtnut . Oak R~!ne ~. ~ ScruJ, c~nu.-t: oak . !ahle-l{oun~a1n Pin., ~Red.Spru.ce - · "';ZJwa.rf s~ J3ect1' Oak saa:r.J.et Oak spa.ntah Oak( _o _ A-./ '~ 1 Gra~r Pine (/~' ~../ Jefs•Y Ptne ( Abandonetl l!'1eld.s . ) Long-leaved Pine . ~d ~f¢!· ~~;;h~. ~' ~~ ~ ~# I S RATE OF GROWTH . ~ ~). ~ c ·~u;;'L)'; r/3 • Fl0110~ '-tl"lc; I)Og'fiOOd) • Rc<~l<:. Elr1 ~ 0r» ) -~ · .... .. ~ - ~ ... \ . ot.v e/~-o., ~-. .J. , / ' SIZE OF TREES . Rating of trees accor ding to size .- (fincho t ,47 • • IJ;z;Ll.iP (E"{Zr;;..,~ ~~ ·} l HO X 42 .t't • 'f!Jli t-e P:FJ:1ti Pecfvn J, '7'5 ~t: J..O 'J-/2 J. '"to x a s (~ttt:.le t o ru: 1~0 :it f) Ohea'M:R1t Oa.:~ cy.:p:tvest:1 :ta o~ 3 a.j2 1 f::i0 ·~ $.4 Sle;cl~ W$ 1U't 1 50 ~ 8 aot 'hOtl'rJQod 1 iqnit'l.ar:lbt:xl' Hl c o~ Oa.lc Lobln-.J.;;r Pine rlh:i.·t·E) &'l1llll1.)e rnr:_ te o .1: 10.0 :rz 7 l/2 lEW X S ~5.0 2~ 5 :t60 :~ 5 to·.o 1r. l.40 y,: 3 G nancy Lom1St l 40 :t sas~t..1~:r.~<JJ (;;t.. ~) ---i :za .x ViL:Voe· ArJh lf8'ti 1t ncu:~stv-oot1 l :3r'} ~~ Ea·.)l~l)(1}~j:i:~ :t ·~35 }: S:t:r-'-u~'i.o:t"'0 lfJO X rrlrl. t ·e Eh .120 '~ l~iG-11tt·t. n:~c!:.OJ..lY J.::?.O ;.;. S~llVf.ll' lEllPl<) l 20 ;;;: P:t .. :Ji OaK .120 :.~ \l!:.~;·;; e--·1 ""' ~ -$-""' ~- ,<:!o· .,,., · ~ ~ ~- ~ 0 at ~~\:rlb·u J~ 2 0 ;.: Reel t1t:l:p.;Le l2-f> ~ Big 811elliJark HiaJ:oJ:::/120 :v: Slit:~l'J.DlU'-'= HiG'k037":/ 120 X Sl:tiita:L'l uapJ_ a l ~o ~~ ~l : '~.hl~ $":;•1 , ·r o::.t f 1 .<,.~~0 ·<r .l_t ~_. (.,..<:.~-: ':.. ':tJ , .,.l. .. ..;.... - . • .: - ' :o. S','N)4';lj) Uld. t<:J OG.}r:. l$,0 :1!: .3aniko t o:a ( .l.,J. o Jt lsl1,le A.sh 1..10 ~: f) 1'1 ' 6 G 5 l~ ll 6 b ~1" "} ~- tt1 } 4 <1: ;,1, "' 4. t]; 3 ~-. v •y f) '·' j /l"J ~ -. ,!J l£.~ .1..... '. /;'{. ~ ..... ;..Ol"H(;'!'( P.1rtQ llO ;;t :3 Ret.. ~.:_.)-.,.~t.lQQ. A?1 -4 lli . "-:~1 o- J.."t' .3._,_ ) tJ .J .. >' -.1 a l~r"t,.; '"'J'•-r;-4'>. (.(.1M "~"("lk 11 """" -.~ l"' t .,.. ;4 .. ,.1:>. ~ .1 .... . v -~ vt..1 . ~. •J fltU:>: oaJ~ :.., on. ;r ·rt JH,l'f.SC~ rJ;U2)0lO Uoo1t 0!1f:tstnu~ Oc?J:: ~)ong:·-loavod P:tne G110;.;.'t -l ct(~<)tl Pln~ ~Joec::.1 100 J.. OCi "'t.~· ... ~ "..: '~'~ ~h-1 0 f) B·ut te:r•nu-:. Ot;G' E"1l'l el~ J. 0 (111: :lnl i.1 PO'St Gat J1o,...J;:I::.i'..-1ti..n1, R· ('}f~'(Jf"<~'~t~ • .., ~ o..-A f\'1 ~- "it "'""V ~- ...,. ~ ... . ~-~ 0\t e:~.;-orr[l OaR brn.!1'J" .n"gJ ·. a u~o..!.C G·1"11f Ptn,e ~~~c..;: AG'i/l • t.: ...a ~~..,._~, -iQJTil . 0 (1,}( D1. tt,e'J. -nut Hi .~1::\:Jl;lf 1Ja t~}l~ E!l.Q }1 C):~:--y K ... .:n ~l.tckv uof':f'ce •r:eoo !l·e:t~~:;d1 ir10l1 .t~ (}Q ~~ ;.{.;; 100 4r 100 ~{ 100 X lOO T:"; 100 -...:_-;. .. .-.00 -"'f'~~ .J'_,. 1. 0,J !it ) "'" 100 :t l O'O X 1 00 '-'=·"' 100 "i~ "' 100 ... _.,., 100 ~ .. ..l!'.. 100 ~,. ...;;)... lOO ~~ . ~.). l OO l.OO "."~' .- I (') 6 I 9 HARDINESS OF TREES . r::11e Aldorg • Al'1) ozl-v :t .~. a e • Bu. t tr:n. ... nut • ?11.n Ll t::;o. B11ln~n P · ~n~ . ~P1)0 I:L~I~o.:r•::.0s . ~~he oa!~s . Wa1rtu.i(; . W11i 'te BL. 011 . :tJaloE-'.t:l n~i::r~ . ~~, ~y..t, + Gc·ft1.~J. ct T.,l 1~n ., Uml ~c·ell. a Tl~(~0 . "':{'110 Af.LlGS .., sweet .s~y . Oti.!•nl :tna Bt:lQl::.t~1o~~·n . ~....._-:;-:--·7::-··---· ··---~-- S OF.· Tl 'rS'I V;':; • 1 .rlt.l} t,.~ (:}('f....,.'),.'ti'EI • --- Cu.o:litl'f?e:iJ '£1 i1)0 ~ --~- ~~~ _ S l~.J:>"J;10:3:'Y tJJ.m • tl•l'l ~ ·;t ~J<..,,.,..J.o t~Cfoi;Ji: ,~ ~'!' ~.•.j. _ .. '_ i '' 1tl fr'AF...A J\.t- J.l,;,r_Vf,fi_'·"'.,. , 1- a.Pr~be:;~. "¥!] .- T.hs Holl :rs • The ~fo :"llbeaw:s . rrentucl::,r Gof':~-ee :~1·ee . 1 t qu:· d.<: -rnh E>J.' • IO!i.$:1 :}O<)Ufr !i • r,$~t·ze-loaved . .lar:-;nol~t a. . Tl '-0 r:U.1 a e~ . Ttuj.:o .• • STRUCTURE OF WOOD . (Pinchot , l9 . Char:pentier , ch . i ii . Laslett , 22 . Boul r-rer , ch . i . WarQ,, l . Broad-leaved .-( Johnson , 42 . Conifel~ s .-(Johnson , 209 . Pith.- (Lasl ett , 31 . *Sapwood and Heartwood .- (Johnson , 207 . Schlich, 15 . Pinc11ot , 23 . Laslett , 27 , 37 . Annual rings .- (Pinchot , 22 . Schlich, 9 . N.Y. Rep . ' 94 , 180 . Age of trees .- (Fernow, 476 , ill . Schlich,ll . Laslett , 42 . Spring and summer wood .-(Bulletin 13 , 136, i l l . Schlich,6 . Jolmson , 208 . '*In some roods the hear twood i s found onl y in ol d trees , as i n _,1ocker - nu.t Hi ckory , 111ountain lv agnolia , and PeJ.:•simmon • QUALITIES OF WOOD . Weight .- (Johns on , 219 . Schl ich , 24 . La slett , l7 . Boul ger ~ 4 0 . Char n enti er ,28 . Bul letin 10 , 401 . I • • qvi~-)V~ '{.F:/- • ..--.. . .,.Chestnut Oak 54 scarlet T.hol"!l 54 Black Haw 52 ,/ShelJ.bark Hi ok01"3' 52 Hop Tree 52 ~1op Hornb~am 52 ..... ov er ()'lm Oak 52 ;post O~k 52 ;Flow ~rtng Dogwood 51 ..-n1e Shellbark Hioko!'Y' 51 ig- nnt Hiekoryo 51 . _ .· HiGkQrY 51 "'"' "'"· ·t ~c.4m1><j' z-,,_u.rf--Sv 5. o· ~ ncts~e 1'}!:7~scar-(et- Hr:au--.SO H. . ..-Perstmmon - 49 - servfoe-b~ 49 ... svram:p Wh1 te Oak 48 ....0 sage orange 48 Bla ok Thorn L~n _.rruL'L-:r'T'J. 48. /;8' B.l .n__ o l,\ . B"•. : r.. o. h ur.ge T' l't::<l- 1../'IOrn ~A ,., Southern Bttokthorn 47 ~ 7Ji'1knud. :~ory~~7 RooK ones~nut oak 4'1 ShinglA Oak 4:1 Willow Oak 47 SWaY.® Hi okory 46 Blaok Looust 4~ water Lo~st 48 ~laok-Jaok ·Oak 46 Bui~ oak 46 scarl.et Ottk 46 1': Wh:f_ te oak 46 Servto~be~ 46 'Sorrel !1::-ee 46 Blue Ash 4.5 Rock Elm 45 l!l~Qkbertt- f/vrnkea..r.-- .L;S 45 MOU.n~n Laurel 4:'5 Water Oak 45 P~can 45 W:tld Yellow Plum 45 Cook-s:vur 'lhom 4:5 Wash1.ngton Tho~ • 45 Green Ash 44 Arlertmm Orab Apple 44 Bla ek Oa1\. 4:4 Long- lea"f'ed. P1Be 44 1 ~ C'Mke C.her!!J-- . 43 48 Nal"row- leaV'ed. Cab Apple 43 Sli.:r>Del"Y Elm 43 K ~n tuok.y Co·tt• Tree 4~ Snea.r J;J'a ple 43 P:tn Oak 43 SJ.')ani sh O'ak 43 O;Jtj_okae:aw Pltmt -43 Witeh-Raz.n 48 Al.t.~te-leav«t Dopood 4r2Jf: Roney Locust 4.2 W"n.i te Ash 41 Y&lJ.ow Biroh 41 Woolly- leaved Bu<lkthorn 41 ~R«t oaK ;z;~~.~;:;e-lea:ve.i T•Pf-l1' !J~ .f,.. , 4411 '\.'&1-L :...""' - ~' -- 41 -... ~.:....- ,. .. r. . , Blaok Ash 40 Red Eay 40 F:rtnge fre.e •o 89~~-~ 4.0 - Red- bl.td 40 Red Ash 89 (lrml t Laurel a.& R«i Yaple 39 'amaraok ae Yel.lQW WoOd 89 Short~leaved Pine 88 Black W.aJ.nttt 38 t. Papal'.' Bi:J~oh' 37 Ohinquap:tn . 37 . sw.et g.uro ~t-Jti~ 3i'J lf<nuttain As·h 8'1 Retl MUlberry 87 Amerioan Wlrl.t.e lliroh 38 Red ittl'Gh 86 Wild l3laok Chezory 86 Ameri.Gan HollY 36 pPiek.l.y Ash 35 ·Silver ... ba.ll 35. syoom.ore 35 Mountain Ash Carolina. Bu.cktkr~ 34 3/.J LoblollY Pine 34 Large-leaved Magnolia :la Mountain Ka:ple 33 Stlver 'Maple 83 striped Maple 33 Jersey Pine as Plan-er Tree aa < Pffih Pine 1Jwarf Su....a.e- .33 32 4 Large Tlxpalo 32 sweet Bay Bl Red Oeda-1- 31 Wi~d Rod Cherry 3l M.ou.ntai~ Yaenolia 31 !able-Younta:tn Pine 31. saaaa::rras 31 Sandbar Willow 31 Gray Pine ao Red Pine 30 smooth Ald·er Speakled Alder GU<mmber '.t'ree swam> Poplar . I Larg&-tooth8d Aspen 29 Bla~k Spruce 29 BasswoOd ,.. 28 ~ BUokeye -- 28 ~Ohe~ ca..t-oJ.roL-M -as __Bald cmeee 7(eJ_ s ruae ____31L t) j umbrella ~" P as· /7(( ·Bla(jk trill.ow as Peaoh-l&aY'ed Will w......-? 88 White ·Basawood v,L. 2'1- Box El.cler 2?- sweet Buokey& av- Poiwon SUmac a•r-stagb: Orn Stlmac 27 Glaueous W111ow a-1 Catawba Tree . a-s Hemlock · 26- ( ll.eLIJtw Poplar 26- ~ Q_··A.L.-. as-- . Duttemut ~·- ff a5- Pawvaw 25 Wh1 te S})2'l1oe as - a-ottonwOOd 2.f - Balsam 1l':ll! 24- - llh1 te Pine 24 - Balsam Poplar ·as-southern Ba1sam Popl.~ aa Seutlt&r:B Wh1 te Ceclar 2l- 1Jh;1\e 6edar /lri:Mrvik 31 .., SAP . "l s (Year book , ' 94 , 468 . Johnson , 223 . Schl ich, l 2, 27 . Charpentier,27 . Flow of' Ji@_. - Following are tl1e only common t rees from which the sap will "bleed" from wounds .- Birches, Maples, Hornbeam, Walnut s , and Hickories (sparingly) . The sugar Maple bleeds generally f rom Oct . to May ; Black Birch from l ast of March t o middl e of' May ; Wild Gl"apevine from 1st of May to early June . "\,...' HARDNE SS . (Jo1unson , 243 . Schlich , 34 , 38 . Laslett , 50 . Boulger , 42 . Year boo· , 398 . ., '/ HARDN'ESS_. ~~c , M. osage o.range 363 .. ~· . Pe~aimnon 8-24 Blaok Haw 318 Flowering Dogwood 305 Pig-nn t Riokory 301 Big Shallbark Hioko~ ~88 Bla~k Jaok Oak 286 serviCJe-h~ 280 ~-~WQ;.t t-.lle&Pt Hickory 21'1' Water Lomte't 278 Po.et Oak 3V6 ~7amp Hiokory 274 Shellbark H1okory 271 Chestnut nak 26.4 Mot.mtai.n I.atmel 262 :eeeQlrLo~l1~ a58 SUgar ltaple 257 WingfiJd Elm 255 OV~0\1.}) Oak 25'2 ~ttri oan cab Apple 25~ 73•1W-fll¢ ~ #. '12 . Bla:Ok 'fho)!'fl~AO Basket Qak 2:8'3 ~ (}a,k 283 White Oak 283 Peoan a.aa Ho.p Hornbeam 281 Rook Ch~stnut Oak 280 ruaok Bir:oh 228 Sh:f.ngl ·e ~k 2·2:6 Bltte Ash 222 SWUIP Wlrl. te Oak 2Bl Green Ash 220 southem Buokthorn 220 Ra~ltb~ 217 Willow Oak . /hrnbe.a.m _ _ _ _ _ 213-:21.8 VN..ld Y~l.low Plttm 213 eoekSI>'tlr "!'horn 2U> Rook Elm 206 Red Ash '204 Wild Bla<Jk Ohe%'17 20·4 Blaok Oak 20'2 soarlet Oak 20·2 i S:r>an1·sh Qak 2.01 " · sorrel .rn-ee ZOl Red hY' Wate Oak · Bt~J&ah SOlll" Grtm Blaak WaJ.nut B1aok A.sh Great Laurel P:tn 0alt Yellow wood HeCL-'fPi Sil:V$.' Map.le 193 198 196 198 196 194 191 190 l.83 182 181 RfJd. YUJ.bel.TY 178, Red Oak l 'f"r Am6M 0an Holly 176 Red lta'Dle 176 W"ni te Ash 1 VIr Wh1 te El.m 1'10 Honey r.oau.st 168. syoa.mor~ 186 Yellow Birch 161 Large Tupelo 161 Buaktho:rn. J.EJ,o KentualtY C:effee -rre'8 180 Jel."'s.ey Pine 156 Long-l.e-a.Y'fJid. Pine 1:53 3l.1PP61'l' Wm 100 s. Red o.ectar - 148 . Planer ~ee . 148' S8.S'Sai'l-&.S CctroltMA.. -su.ck&r n... ls4/36 Pi toh Pin& J.·aa Ohi al;asaw Pl.lUY.l 138 Rea Birch .133 sweet ~ ~;~ 132 Large-l:ttavc ll.agn.olia 130 Att1el'":[()8Jl Wlli te Bil~ah 129 Short-leaved Pine 12'9 Pape'!" Bireh 128 :M.Duntaoo !l§agnolia 128 abinquapin 118 !fountain Ash 11-t - Wab1e-Hotmt-a1n Pine 116 -~rack 112 :aox Eld•r 11.1 aumutlbR Tree .lOV western Yountnn Ar:th 10'1' Lobl.olly Pine 10'1 Gbeetmt-t 106 Wild Red Che1"'!1!"Y 103 sweet Bay 10:2' BraY. Pine 101 al.aok Willow 93 rtut~ut eo Ga tawba tree 86 Red P1ne, 86 eottonwood sa Hemlo-()Jt aa !/.eltdw-Poplar 8'2 Bal.d G~ess .81. P:eaoh-leaved Wil~ow · 81 · ~~~8Pf!IA . < V . .J'. > 80 ~{iif--Cfl.t-alpa 77 "_f 7. Balsam F:!~ ~Spruce~- Bal.B&m Poplar "15 -Wh! te Pine .,,. White apruee '74 Ob:to BUckeye 'fl. HARDNESS . ( 2} Pawpaw en Wht t e Basswood. 68 SOt.lt:f1el.'ql Wb1 t-e Cedar, 37 sout hern Balsam F'i:r 65 Basswood ~8 Large-toothed Aspcen 62 swamp Po!)lar 82 mrl. te Oe<ltH~ Arborv/ttU 80 ..... _ .•;. .I I STRENGTH. ( Schlich , 46 . Lasl ett , 46 , 49 , 69 , 81 . Year book , 395 . Bul l etin 6 , 4 . Bu l letin 13 , 15 , 53 . Cros s-breaking or bending strength .- ( ~ ohnscn , 236 . Schl i ch , 48 . Tensi on and c ompressi on .-(Johnson, 238 . Sh earing .- (Johnson, 238 . ~ ~ Y: <l. ~ I,ocntst L Ye~low Birch O:hestnut Oak Sh:t ngl ·e Oak Blue Ash 811 Red Maple 811 Blaek Ash 80Et Black Biroh Shellbark H:f.crko~ 12"73 1248 1Z8B 1218 1216 1200 ,. Red Pin~~ (J(~. 800 rR.4 aekbf:Jrry '78 9 Spanish Oak 1193 Lone;-lea•·tJd Pine 1152 St.te;al!"' Maple 1149 Beeeh " ..,. Jiornbect.M, - - • -//~1148 Ho:o HOlmbeam 1132 serv1ee-b81"1'"Y' 113~ Osage omnge 1181 '!>4ciw<- -~.witel ke-ttea!'t Hioko~r 11.29 Basket oak / 1118 13 itter rUJ: ~'ck"r.!J s. ,, tJ ' Pin ·oak 1090 Rook Elm , 1086 PaDer n:t~oh 1065 Soa1·1~ Oak 1054 Water Oak ~ (J) .,1052 P..i• S !-'Dllt Hi crko}if 41fl 'f\WJM ~046 Blaok Jaek Oak 1048 Blaok Oak 10"2 ~1. Short .... leaved Pine 1038 · ' Ro ~k Chestnut Oak 1o·a1 wate!" Locust 102? oy·erou:p Oak 1025 Silver llal'le 1019 Chinquapin Red 0ak WillOW Oak ltl.nl Oak Wh:J.te Oak: Red B1:rch Blaok Raw · Hon-er l..·O'CUst .swamp White oak Jtlowenng Dogwood Red Bay Yellow lfo·od ttnmara()k mreen Ash .. hat® R,.OkOlT LOb1ol.ly Pine Persimon Post Oak Red Ash Slippe!1t Elm Wild Yellow Pl\11!1 White Ash f Blaok Walnut White ~m -~ -6\ml W1 !.d Blast: C:l\errr Spe.fSkl«t Ald«r 99J. 9.90· 989 982 982 973 951 923 909 904 go~ 9"03 901 895 884 883 8'79 872 8:6.9 869 864- 861 856 852 830 8·2fl 8"20 Amerioan Wbite Bireh ?78 Red Jfltlberry -r76 KentnokY Cot"t'ee Tree .,.,1 Cot-tonwood ''rrO ~lee _ ""f(eJ.S; ,.~ ______. _4_'L7_ _ _ -Whi te- SpriDJe I' '74 7 Red Gedat- . 740 Pitoh Pine V89 sweet Bay 1?36 HemJ.o.ek 736 sorrel Tree V28 ! l\ble-ll0t.m.ta1n Pine 726 Red-bud '728 Winged Elm 724 -apen V2l swarnp Popla!" 721 Blaek Thorn Y09 \ JttowdaUc Ma~:3a ~0'7 Ches-tnut 696 \ Large-leaved Magnolia 696 Am&rioan HollY 688 .iBald 0Y})M8S 6-82 spen 677 cuoumber 'Tree 6''71 Great La~el 663 Jer8f:JY Pine 668 Jleltow- Poplar 65'7 Large Tupelo 665 Oookwur Thorn :653 Gray Pine 662 Sweet OUm--~ 651 southem Bal·sam Fir 639 Mountain Laurel 639 Oatawba ft'ee 6.35 Syoamore 83:5 Wh:t t~ Pine ~26 Planer Tl·ee 621 sassaf'ra·e 602 _Butternut c..,d-cJ a_ s-yo 597 Baemrooa r 58 9 Ptroan 5'78 lh1 te BaamroOd. Carolina_l3uelttltnrn..5't'7 567 southel"n Bu.oktho~ 562 Bale~ Popl.ar 550 Peaab-l.eaYect Willow 550 Box F.lder 529 Balsam F1!i· 515 Wldte ffeeiftr t-t;"CLJ 812 Ohio Buckeye 494 Am&1~ oan 61.-ab Appl • 48 5 8tr!!1Qth. ( 2 ) Chickasaw Pla 468 seuthM"ft Wb1 te Oect.a.r 466 Western Mountain Aah 446 - Blaok - Wi~low 424 Pawpaw (3'01 Dttakthorn 38,. STIFFNESS. ( J ollnson, 234 . Year book, ' 96 , 399 . (. J , . --- Yellow Birch. Long- l-eaved Pine sue:u Maple Blaolt Biroh SDantsb Oak ShellbUk 111 oko.ry Sllol-t-.leaved Pine Hop Hornbeam OY6r<mp Oak Paper Ml'oh 1817 148'1 1461 1414 141)2 1398 13"/'6 1373 1384 1306 B1ao'lt Lo<nt8t 1292 ~~ok 1261 ROok Ch~tt Oak 1255 Water Oak 1227 BEJflt<lh IJl:. J; l.2l.G Sel."Yioe-bel.'1"Y 1197 Shingle Oak 1194 Wa t ·el" Looust ll 70 . Large-leaved Yaenolia 1169· ~~.,.$~ HiakOl'Y 11·50 ~JiornheaH1- · - -//49-1~41 Red Pine 1132 Red Oak ~/;~~ 11.28~1128 Chestnut Oak 1125 Jhn? Oak White Oak Cucumber Tree )!e'll:Opr PopWr SWe'St Bay 'Black Raw SW8I!lP White- Oak Green Ash Hemlook so-rrel Tree Bl.aak Ash sweet Gum ~-,<,~ SY'oa.t!IOre Wild B1aolt Cherry Balsam Popla:r Ches-tcnnt Whit$- Pine White Ba.eawood Basswood Red Bay Post Oak Wild Yellow Plum Red Mttlbe!'2!Y Catawba ·Tl"M Plowerin.g Dogwood Balsam Fir sour oum 929 9~9 928 ·9247 913 90'1 908 903 90-0· Pin Oak 1123 Red Bf.~oh 1118 q~Aspen Butternut 889 8?2 8'8.£ 8'64 868 857 8:"5.8 8'51 84,. 840' 689 834 82'1 sa• 822 821 819 8~.8 8~4 813 ma 8&3 Silver Maple lllEJ Black SVl'ltoe 1160 ~ s,.,.uu --- *" :Rook El.r!l 1098 B1a.olt Waltmt 1092 Honer Looust 1088 SDealUed Alder 1085 soarlet Oak 1086 KentttakY eo.ttee t.rree 10-48 Mg Sh&llbark H1 okory 1.039 Dlaolt Oak 1034 P1g-,nut Hiakorsr 1033 ]i__ald_ ~~ ~Jtu.! JH~ 1.082 1()30 ·Wb1-;ti SD!'uoe .1023 ltlrl. \e Aah 101'7 SW8J.rJl) HiakOl? 1013 ·v:ellow WoOd ....r / 10ooa "R ,'iJ• .J; Cot-tonwOOd. -­Blaok Jack :oak south~ Balsam Ji'il!' Ba8ke~ Oak LaJt.ge-"tootlled A®Ml swamp Poplar Slippey Elm .nt.ourtta.bt lfagnoli.a osage Oftllge R·ed Maple Gray fine 9&l 97? 9?a 9:64 968 963 953 94.5 94<1: 942 942 Red Ash !able-llountain Pine Willow Oak '784 Peraimmon 7'82 South8m Bnokthom 781 Blue Ash "'"" ftiW Elm ~tx.rolintt.13uck-i-horn. _!-4!._ 7#1 Blaot ~horn 732 American Wh1 te Biroh 788 Red-bud ~ c.{)(.l:alrt:{ Peau OooksPur 1'1\om Great Laurel Ohio Buolteye American Crab APPle Amerioan Rolly Weste:!'tl Ho.untatD Ash Ohiekasaw Plum Hountain La~l Box lUde:r Pi toh Pine P1ane:r !re& Jsref!t1 Pine Wh!tte S·eda1" Ar"borv;-1:--u 688 ·686 6&1 8'70 668 684 646 644 tl42 642 628 603 686 581 581 55!. M3 683 ao:fJ1T1o:t-ents or NJ.ast1.o1 ty - a. W:tnged Elm o.,. .o. s sassafras 519 Large Tupelo 5ll'f Peaoh- 1eaved Wil low 601 Wooll.y- leaved. Buoktborn 483 Pawpaw 482 southel.""n White Cedar ·404 1Ua<Jk Willow 390 \ i CLEAVABILITY , ELASTI CITY , PLIABILITY , FLEXIBILITY, 'rOUGHNESS . Cl eavabilit r.- (Johnson, 243 . Schlich , 39 . Elasti city .- (Sch1ich, 43 . I Pl iability .- (Schlich, 42 . Flexibility .- (John son, 244 . Sch li ch, 44 . Tot ghness .-( Johnson , 244 . Yearbook , ' 96 , 397- 8 . t' '· '!.; ·. J. , .. · - • , , ; t Dl e, )~ aah. rlh:t te ils . .l . Th{~ ~)GH'JS'L:t'O ,(lfj . Decch.i(ve~· · ).. P,ap~~:r· B1,rt.~"t •. Y:e:t1 trz I j_ ~clio r•~·f Y (d \·1('t ... '~<"~1111l"l: .;;..) · ,...,. ""' ........ ... ...;;-:::. ,fv.t. ............ .. ~ I ~.ot tontw ocl . Att1w 1-l-~~ (~ · J.~~0 Do;;"7TOO(ifl . _...,..-- Jr": n· e 'Jti:.•..·•t! Zlf:! • ......------,../ Ti~o Lt , .:oJ.":los (~=:wept wa:tel" 1.!:t ... 1'-:o~y ) • Tl'lC Hornhe~ . .:s e; rtt~l"ltt. · rcy co:C':De e ?J:ee • IJtq d.d.o.m'bect' • r~ect :.ft.JJ)ex•iiv (. ·atht:~!t' ) .•. p ..... 4. o·o'~• - J \# \~ .h. ; "" t,;;~o-t"... . l3tr,'t"~ oal~ . OVOl" ~1.i,:! Oa -~ . t-to~It crht-:rrr;tnut Q<!!J•: (1'a;t.!l.{):l} ) •. S rrar:J.v· \T ~- "ve OaJt ~ u~·h¢·JJ: Ol;J:1( { v~.:P~i') •. ·o ·.-.aal'.l·•" ,...,,b,>;!.l n ,-& "v· Hl~",r '- • ;;~ ..... .>\,:l 1..1~ ~ -- (,;.~cy ~ t(J l . l!!J1:'lt! .... leaveet It :ne. saoaa:~~a~ .. t"111a :1 se·: aonGd, ) • ~ar. '1:~acl\: . ~~ ~"1D 0l.O- ( VtL.•t· ) • Bla ·.1\'. Wa:ll'lt.rt ,.. WOODS T?._lt'J: S:8PAP..A.T!:J EASJ:tY I HTO THUT LAYJ'L.S ~ Dla ~~~: !S.h . .::...E).SLe·i Oa'it;, . !_l!rl , • ,,...... J\l'V!re.l:!.ua 'Kl'{~e ,. P.;:Pl)O:t> -v: ~ tae ... lU.U® ;~~Sl'l • Ol"f:~ 0ll l:t.f!lJL., ll~}fl i!.$2; . net.:~ Btl\"$r,. rl'~lt$ Oed~.J:-s , Bf~)..lS 8I1 ~1!. !• • Tl'l:e I!O.WS· • r~ emlo·oir. _. nate!• H!q .<:o'l?y .. G~'l~at . ~n:o~ o:t . F t.r.-:r:_')U:\'1 .•. P0:J&1 { ~~~l:t.llr:rl; ) • • J 0:t· ~1ey Pi1 eo . LObloJ.1;T }'J' J:li$ . Pit.c_l J:>i te . 'l::ab-l$.-1~!01:'.l1ta.tn PJ.ne ­Nhi ·lie Pill-:~ . s s-r;ta~~ll\'1..{;! ( 'trel"'.l , "t":uEm ;J;:J.'B~>LY. ) '" ~a~ae;l~ol.>n fi~ " r ~o11 . ·ll!ii;) .~·~J. la. ~r:t'ee . ;·:11-,,, 1"rj 1 't ,,.~·•!\• . ... ~.;<..J ·t .,.. ,J~ .... \J~· · Yel.tor, •'J-QOCL (VeJ!7ll• 1Iov.n t~J~~ n. t,ag.a.olSu . Parrpaw. , . .. ' T:to ,~s::n.' . lOGds • J lac1~. .. .. il'C:fl ._ 'J:!h:o nuc: ~eyes . nut •ie;;.• 111 t ._______.. T w C acla~s . The ..Qh.t:L:l .. i ~ s . ~ oo t tmit76ott ;~-aJ,..,t4~. ...f .IU CJ!):t~tHitO . H ?Ji.tJ 'f.'b \~:f.>:t . !r-entuolqr I5'01:t,ntO.::hl • Co.; ,..:ee ?:i:>OGl • La.'lu~el { \ hen eree:n ) • Red l'.I~1.3)le . f;j_J.V61' H~¥.0 10 . vn:.:i. te P · ne ( vc~ry )·. T1-~li:i) • B~ r.v:}k r elnut • GRAIN. (}ohnson , ~l 5 . Schlich , 60 . Las let t , B, 9, 33 . '1:.:1 . A:.l'b01"- vi t ae • . · lac~ ~ !;.sh . c:t~ee.:n Ar~h . ned. Ash., WJ:li. t e ..l i.Sl'h Bl t ·"e1•nttt .• GL·&al!?a . catnvrhet . c.::x3$tnttt ~ C.ilinqua}.)j.n . -rnr.t "'c..e r:1n. 1Ja1S · -~ 1!'1.1·~ . Ha<M.be:crv (~') ner ock. r entu.(,}!QJ cof'~E'ee ~c > e .. 1ronoy LOcl.,s: t , Yl a tc:rr I~oous t . T.:.od UUl11tX!;':F! ... Dla "I( Of\lt • ?1.. Del~ " ned on·(. s Ol:1'1"'1(-3i~ - ~ ;: (1} '1. V'f~:·"' h'\ ·O· ~1-,} "' n:l,·.he·p 11 . J) - .. f. - • ..;.>~'\:,..~ C."'A. •• t'l<.lr ;. •. CJ. .,..~ .... ?~- } • fh')<'>1~ J· r-~11 Oa1" .. >f - i..ej."" ... ·~- . l \' tr, tor oa1~: • ~r:tll.ow oar~. { :;x:\.t lls:.t~} . l)tl'~' r., nw • · G:t~u:V Pine '{ :I:' a t110r } • !101; J.ollY l-ffl1lCll ( vo -'Y) • Itong:...l caved Pine . ~ · i tel 'J'line . ned · :ne (. •a,t.11e:-~' l . 11' 1a1>lo- fJ:o ur ·ain l. :lno .. P4rlel\:l;;r A:sh . .1. .>d- 1JU0. ( ;r·athe-~ }.. sas~·tc±":'t•as . T. 1.~ Sut~a 1m • Dluc1: rJaJ_n;ut ~ .. 'J~ s!le. A~~Jl<:Jn • rl~he n.:.l;~1s\:roo d.s ·• 2 ~~ Ceda.'\'S ( V'0TI:'Y"') . C:F:;l"OSS • 1 .ls~~- F: .,_. • op HO:l. n'beq.rn. ~-=~oreirr) . \' :ct. te P~Lt:lO ( V OJ.'}'. ) • T I1.e SrXt:' 1.0~ s • Tul~tp . smooth Al d. e .... . _.. A.l•'bor-v .tue . ,....... T11J:') A:3hes . _., T .1e At:rt.) ens • ~ f!l ·.. t_e. n~'""'".,,... . ,, .~. ~ "" ;.,) _..,..,;,,"' .t.:; •· :1 I ' (J:::: ..., ~ Hed Bay . ..· ..... ·<11-.<l ·' • !it1ee.t n~'j • ,. The fliJ." ... has { 04 ... e:)t \71' te Birch ) • _.., 'f3o:rr El dE}Jt.• • .,. 'T.l'll':) t:"r::ck.e-t;os , T .. 1~ Bu~l{t_JJ:Jm.s . ,.. Bt.rtt0l"l1"l'tt . ... Clatal•>a . ca .. &ati >S. • ,... ~~:he O.edar~ ( ve:.111 ) • ,.., ~lhe CLw:.>.. •i .-etJ • ,... £.11 tJ'l..:tl:~1h e:r , ..... ?he JaJ~rt:f; •. . !if:l:'e .B8.l.S.ait J?·Jr~J . Pr:!.nee ~::1:· A) • -Haol-:tHli~:·l'Y • , I3:Lg ('<11•'Hlb~~ k .l:L..,kOl'Y . ,~ \ at .1,. :-ti .J1w.:r;-r • .-- "r:he !-lOllies very) . _,...;Jop li.Cl')nbe r· •• Gl"ea t Lat:t::t"e! • ....--1/iounta.H:-t :r~au.l"el (ve:t"V ) . r,tqlti. d~rt~r)"~.l" •. money ft() .~t.ts , { · .1.oc .. li1:rn.tel;r } • 'Urtf.rOl'> LO(fUflt . ¥ o:llow Ileeu(f~ . __.- ':'r'l'!e Vars11.oli1.o . / Ti11~ :travl.et, • ~:Z1e UOL"fJ:l"t. (1_.n l'...f!f tes ., {!_/"" rrscl D'ttl.iJe:t.,:y . ....,- Bm.s ... ~:-et oar':. ,... rJtu' 0:1!<.. .• ~· \1J.i11'Will' Oal-.. • __, PEi03l1 • ,.. P¢1.•ai:rnt.Ot! • .A l-1'D.Y Pine . .-so .>~:::c:~r P1-no .• ...- JJonc:~leav E'Jd p ·_ne . .... Pi tell Fine . / :ted n.ne • / Sho:~.:-·t-l.ea,vod 'ine . r Ttill)le- L!O ?.11 ·,().j _.fl Pine . / Whi ·t~ Pine •. F~a.rteJ? 'r~N) , ~­~ r r. e Plu:rne . /' The 1~· . la.~. L'S • 'T.:1o ./t'Y tlErrs . _., JBl:.,m ..1 -\flh ~ _...,?.:he .L~$1'){(i):n:~r. .;T.h~ Basr:rrwo.us . ,~Hii1d. J3ay ( v·.:,l?"" ) ,. · 8r;(;~m,* Bav . _., B€1H:.~01l ( '\1"0l"Y }. __.. T.J l aoi:: 13-.:~.~ .• h .. 'i'J • ·--.e•"l" ·B· -.r ~·~ ,.··) ( "'~ """>'~~) / ~·1. ~t! -Ci..L ... "~...t~ u !.,. · v t:;i-~. Jf . ,_ ..-U01 B:1.J:>C11. ..--Wht to n:t:r.~ oJ1 . .-Y' el.lo" n~::r:~ol"- . ./ 13<>:. T::,lr.l():Jj . -~ !hC Bt1.Cl':f.l1T6G • Tho -~ w:::t. 1.o:vna • B •n·t:tne;- bus!l' \t@.:l~Y) • ~ T'he c EK1.i),.t' f1 { v oJ;'JJ ) ~ _ .. Tl!l~ CLe :>l'to~::. _.(:,.J t t onwood • ..... ·~i:te C:t>nb A'J:P1~s ( '!le.rry- h ..... c w11:.11 e:e • _,. 0Y:P?G-so • ..... 1-i?l1~;3 IJ<l~r <.J~cl::; - - Rf-l ~11: n:u!.. ( v m.1r ) • -s::t1.;p~;e;;;·y ±:.1.!!1 ( 'J e'T:v ' • _, tJ:tu.~;;ed J11!1 ~ ~v'0l1'!i ) • ~ 1":t."i11g~ 1J:ro0 * Tl1C~ Ha17f3 • ,. Pi r <:•;..,,, . 1'o ~.., .,~ ,. tr-1 ·)l'·OJ.'i:T tu,':>t ·•it 11 .. ... .... ;J.-"' ~-' ... )..,..,.\: ... .. .,_ , .. ~4,. ,\.. ,..c.....r.. . \. .. ~~ .... ... " \Jt ~ • ., v I • 0 : '1:L t.·to:r.• .... :n.v:h fJ .~ e1~0:17. ~, .:. vro o l-:o:~:·-:ntlt I-ti.oltox•y ( VC1..;.5f) . 1)~1 e;~.nt:1~ 1~~~ ~ .::olvv . S140l11)S!:J:'lr. !Hol':,q·}y • • ..\h1. t lif!." Hi c 1W:t"Y ( '\! et•y ) .. ~· J: te Ho11: es ( v -~1"Jll · I!O~(l (h ' OO • .,...:H o1.•11l. 0El::'1 / J.Iop .Jo;•· c;JJ('~Cl11' V .:,t""y ) • ,y~ .:n:l:pe··- . h i"l " ·l<" . .., ••.•• ~ "" -~ <'.! ~~t J- .;"1~ ., ..J'(.tt.l •..,l,. \.1,h,;~I.:J W, ..... L:t q:..tta ~~f.lh eJc• . Gla::.::n:~1 · L001.1B't . / toJ.J.0·1!! LCh~V.S ·' . " The'! :i.,!agn.a ;tT. n~~ ., .r 'i::i:tO E3.11.:!. e S .. ~~:!lB LfOt~1'1"tD.iTI, A!tillfH3 • ..-Ea::il~et 1HJ; .• . fJ'lJ..~ cJa1: • .ChEHJ·t :rut Oak " .. Ov t~:t·'Cnzt> Oa1< ~ .. or.1•t. OaJ<: • r . . tOt~1::. Olle~:· trl"t.:rt Oal:. . r ~~<r,.tr; "'"' , •• 11 ·} ~ <~ f'l "'l" ..,..,i,..J . .Ii.t-~ .... .!i! tf ..... __ v!i:"., "J~"t.~ • ~u~li. te ou~\ . · 0•"" , ·~ O'N ':j~"lr ·~ ( ~.• ;r•l•"j1 <~"'.~ ';~ '.J-;~ ) · - t.I-L <w:J~~ .t.. lof'•J "~v '"-·•'- t ........ \.;e ... s.~"'-,o.j~U • ....- P !.1CC.l1 . / +'" e'.t....•. ·h<·. ..d ~- ..r.: "~i , .. Q\11'5J1 • (~\r! e·.),P~ .. "tiJ r "Jf ,. 8h<::l~.t-1eav e<l :r ·.l:Q· ( f';l!md:JJall:ir ) . : w:h.: tEt :!7~:·!1e -{ vm .. ':J ) • , Planel' TJ:>P{) • .....-T.ll.e P1tll1!.'S * ,/The P6Pl f:J.:l:S • ,... D e1.•v i ae- be:t'l'"f • ~ 8ilvc·3:e-'l'J!Zlll • ... soi~~ ~l. T:ree fve:~:~· ) •. .... ':J:'.M3 s:o:~.•uoe$ . ,.., Hyaa;1o:t.•e { vory· ) • T.a.:m{:u:·a .ek :t·a.tJle?? ) • / • .T1e T:i'H):t'nG - _..~ 'l:Uli:)) • Ul11.b:t~e·lla T:~~e e . S.1tl6 U:i.:llottm • _,. Witc1h En. se1 (vo:c;r ; .. Yellmv Wood . i./ ) WORKABILI TY , etc . Ease of working .- ( Lasl et t , 9 . Polish , etc .- (Lasl ett , 9 . Pai nt .- Naili ng , et c . / I f I I SUMMARY AND AVERAGES . S~mrnary .- (Johnson , 245 . Averages .- (p chlich , V, 5 . t/ ?.( COLOR OF WOOD . (Johnson , 217 . Schli ch , 59 . Laslett,39 . Boulger, 42 . Most woods dar 1cen f rom exposure . As a r ule , the sapwood of trees is lightel" col ored than the heartwood ; t h ere are exceptions , as in t he Pin Oak and Scarlet Oak . ,, ;.,cti .Jt..J,a: •. 7\ ]' .t.7. '1"' ~ :f -~ ;"'!;'!~ ~~.r .;.,_.. { · ;. - ~· :-, ... ~---~·~· _, ) ... t;..h.(,_,.h. rJ 0~ \.r.!.'*- t/ L :.o.-~·~. - J~-t: ...... t i':s~.t..-1 .. 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J. ~ --1 ... ....... -~ .I. \ ~\_ ....... \ )'~ -..;,., • t " ' , "~"' r '>• 11.·;1 { - , (" ,... ., •t ·~·"' or'! ) '>,~\,/ , (,"-,!/ .J~ .,.,~ ).;, ,, ..,. • 1iH .. ~ .J ~i\..i ". ,,, .., ~ ],.,0/)lOl l Y Pir~o • ._, ,_1_ ~·J , ., 1J1 '.l1-..... ·L·.,·~.>.";._";. (• ·~ ~.. l~·~, ..f..·. 4·-.~l . · -..; .-~ J oo""~1t a ·c. •.tt.., . .~- .~,,,_ ) .. 1·-1"'""'-'J''.'.,·... '.,I .. "~;,.;'~ ril r-"'. )P- c.i_,".l.'.,f.r "· 'l' j.. '.•! {'. '~0 •-. ri, .. ·J·.te, .>.,_.,. ( r_,~... .;:Jo,":=->t 'l'~l/r1r'-r'V.•t-••\•..'l .. . • 'r~·r {· .-, !')· . , ,.., t 0 ·:"+ "'1'' ) ' · - -· .. 4 u-.-...., _ ... .,i. ... ·._.,.t \ --~ a..t ·,,;.,... • Cir?.. ~~!.~.ar:~ !~ J7 P:tlr.J ( o ::~.~cc~J1 ) .. Y'-t 1-~ t~r.o ,·· ··' P1•'f" ( ~'')P~· <'~· "" '! . . . .. -·~ \.. . ...... to..) ~j- - · ...... . ......,.,.... ..... ..J. .. ~ .. ·'-'-"' ••• i! ·· .. ~t~ :)..:.: Po:~11. ~ ..:c ( l it}~ 11 t ·,~oo.~l ) . G\·,·[.r ':TI ~?o;)?.a~ .. •• r' ,.·1 ... ,,." 1i <'J" t "·' (" ' ~ ·lo ·~o -· -~t ) ~ ......... ·'· - ...!..\J J_t, \ ~.1 ,.., __ : i.l .. t.)~ ' " so. 'V1.:};.~ .... 'bfXJ:':.t~;r ( ;;apwoo.~: ) . 8:i1Ve1?- · CL.l ( ~!o :u~t ::- ~>(:r). ) ~ -T :::-~~~11') 10-#o 01: ~ 1iJ. -\Y. ...'.).. . \",, }!··'~' 1J:..1 .--,!1-1..;",;.\.1'<\.,~.-1,'" -•j .\...-t', ( ~...1..r.. :l,!)''\.l:' . ..4........ ',lt ...J....'.i., ~ ) ' -,. ,;,.·1 1 ,.,. 1· ·,·· 1 rc~ro·'T \r ::''•')U ,f1 '•1')l·1 ) .. . ..... . J... "' ;. ~ · "Of - ... ,} \ ....,.~ • • - .. ' !J.._ bm:-- vt tae . l~ ~.": ~1 1~~Cl1o!•11 . GU 't1T.!l.bf.3J! • Hop 11ree . 0 SEt(;~ 0I"t:1T);30 • m ort-l~mved pjJfl.e ( om;1etimE~H} . ~r·Ll:lp ( o ~~t on ) . An:rel:tc:a TJ~ae . B1l e As, • Poison Sm<:a,Jh ( llGIUl'trmod) . C.:t'8..h- Al1llle ( k1 2.:?..,.!00d ) • Pl'i ·"'1:1y A-$J1 ( Sn::_Jt;;-o~ d) . fia~kl:JBt'!";! ( }lflf;i ."'t-.1!010~"1 ) • Wette~~ LOC1.tflt ( 8: ])Vl O("l(i J. P:t toll P:lll~ ( 'CI:1P1'J'OO\J. ) • W~d te S?Jr uoe • S otu~ G1Jln ( heart r:rood) - Pm p:;un . '.i'ruip (ol:'i;en ) • ORANOJiJ- BHOWJ! . LIC:HT ORAHG1rr . " A~VOL :> V "NOS ~3GN\I"H "H ·fi.. ·-_ ~ ../ ·9 1181 · p~ pun~! 'NVI~VC'J an 'HJVHd3)f 3::>V~OH '· .L ,I ~ I .• HORACE KEPHART, i.IBRARIA N. ' ioundcd. 18'16. ~ (ij) ------ m~r~antil~ Library~ St. Louis. mo .• , W. H. H. ANDERSON, ACTUARY. ____ 189 RESONANCE. ODOR. Resonance .- (Johnson, 218 . Roul ger , 44 . Odor .- (Las l ett , 27 . Boul ger , 44 . Def ects in Wood . ( Schli ch , 61 . Lasl ett , 3,47 , 52 , 96 . Ward , l 42 . Boul ger , 66 . FELL I NG , SEASONI NG . (Johnson., 224 . Schlich , 52 , 82 . Lasl et t , 73 ,114 . Boulger, BO . Water seasoni ng .- (Lasl ett, 76,178 . Boul ger , 84 . See PERSIMMON . TARPING, CHECKING ,et c . (La s l ett , l l . Re -Sl~d --;' f.r-J.G>@p- be'Jtl"V . et·n v-o •-'~-~ 6.1 1 .,., ~ J -'!"- .,.;.. \'::; t,.) \...J ..... tl ~JO ..t'1~e 1 ~?l"~~C / ~r _lo f~/1 L <l*;e ... ~' r~):tootJ ~:ur:u:'\oJ::t { mo·•el?5. ·tslv} . ~e o nat.•o.c1!:. ~' Th " Thtr:::~n~; . " mul~L:; ,.r TJE'l'bJ.~.el1 $t TJ:><:)f.l • <Xl" t .oo1.rn W:U.J'.Ot'i . S fll1cl1:Jal' W:111 0W • Wi · ii h .itHH?.-. • " YOllOVT VFoOct •" i.n;n.:: ·· I~ le 'i A ~. '1o::r~ .. Peec 1 .• ~~ .J,:. i~ e · i1•c11 . rn . "'*"I·,_, -M ,..,_ > ~ <'>i·• ( ' '!! ., 1· ., ) .D I .-t..: L.. .f>-.1.~..,. - ... ~::>-· ~.f ~· ...._ ,...,..., , • o::l$r3tnut. ~ en . ·:tn~cr.a~~? · n • in"·'('') \'f'l'l'>"1.1'' .A")'''Jl <''"" I h·~~: l"~t ) ~t-~ 1: ;,:.. ~; .s. ~~ J .t~. 1: ~!;lhJ \ u .... ,l . .; Q • :£1l.e 1 0[,'\iJOOdS { bt1C111l ) • '.! 10 Ua11s.~ A_.~ D 5~ t·tc1~-nut Hiclw_ y- .. ~ Cock0l"-:t.u·!; Hio.l.:.ol: r . P4 r)-....n· ~.T .t- - T-1 t·o·t•'\;r ··'-v ~ ... ·v JT.Nl., "' ' ..... ,y ~ II o. ~l~.:>eaL . ~~o·1., t. ., .c ,,. C"'c)·P·?( <1\J· e,,,,.., - . - t.- ... . a ,..~ ...... . .r...v v J~ J \.J \ .Z e rn -1 ~1·· ;~t'' ~ -J-~. ~;X ~ - c ... v ...t'i. v~.... ... . (:/ Ir acl~-,n;tok oa1: (l:)aaJ.y ) . c;1ostnt.rt o~f\ ( 1)ar. 1¥ ) . O"i.rCi'C !;D Oal~ t P:l.n Oak ( h .~ dl~r ) • Pott:-': Oa k ( 't C~{ll:;'· ) ~ r:.( .cl ru~ ~ tO o1:;-. cner;trr _-:; oat ... s rl:nr:'le Oak (bac11Y ) • Spa:.ni rfh O<:JJ( f bCld.lY). StPa.lllP \lJ!tL t~ Oa .'~ . W11i 1~e Oal~ , Sfl€J{~{rAj.~~t;tk1 ! s "et" :to :•e . t 11a cJt Wal nt.l.t . _ .. -. I l)y,J;;~ ~ . 4e ~~ -d _,;::.__ ~~ ~t<Z-, f~ ~- k~0-::: P~~l.- ~45'L . A./J-J~­~-~ ~q {"'"~..-- TI1Uc1r. YJil.:Lot; { b~ 1.1y ) , Poa '!- l eal!ed \:fil:Lo1l • 161M¥~~~/ ·~ ..BtJ~~7 ~~~,1. DURABILITY OF WOODS . (Johnson, 250 . Schlich,79,86 . Year Book ' 96 , 401 . JJ4«~ ~ ~ ~ tr~ pt;:;z ~ HOODS DU!1A.B1:J _lf f:OI:S , UP~_':! ~: ,_ Wf'hT:i·I .~·, ~·- . A1~t>Ol.'-V:i. "P.Q ( O:'::·t:..~ :re.OlY ) • ~'acJ.t=~ Roc ;Jay . ilil. ~·:11: :~. ¥13?.'~ , Bt~t:to:l-:nv.t • C2:Gc 1~~~1. (Vel""} ) • ca-~L-Nba ( vr:}:L""':f) .. TI'. , Ced.a.:t~lt} ( V'CI'$" • .~J'l.o Clt.nl•::t:•:Los 0JlOSt1 V. { V(j;,..'*"';! ) ~ .. . 0• .. l1'v1~:q-...,•i '1 ( .,.,. .. ·r• ) . c_ .. I.J..c.,,,..c . .t. , 4....-.i.j •. Ct.::onnJJo:l? .. G!i'lY'I:?SS {VOl"~ ) , Sl:2.11l)Cl',:t T:l'tl ._ ~Iop Ho_•nl~0L1t1 ( Vel.''iJ } r Juni:1e1• ( v o:.':r } • K( ni:. :c'~::r 0c:ff'O() T:~:-ee ' v ·.l ,. ) • nonoy !Jocr~st (vel"/) " Y. r~110t7 _,~ocn'1t ( o::t:t1 02~).t'll'Y"} . R1..( _",Cj qi. d",t'./..' . -I;, .". "1~4··, .,....,.. . ~. ~- lt ' \rI:f!....,,.,..;..~·.,~..".'. '\>..rJ>Jl .,............. .',f ""'l.;'!' )' • DV.3~ C:.:f~ { VCU'Jl ) . Chec;trmt oa:z: (v<til"':Y) ~ OVC"' ~np .; l~. { V Ell1") . Do.o.'f· ''• ~~ (V"""~' r) • t r..t u V(.. JS.. t:V- J • no .. 1( c:lG<rtnut. Oal\: . A~J. ~ ~k.~ 1·:1 .it~ oat. • f' o oaee urrmc;e ( "'J' e:;_ y ) • r.~onc- lc~ ~ eel P:u-w • . P:t tell Pi.Yl$ ( VQ:L~ ) ."'- , , . 1 :;a 'li . n~. ~ r...:.'"" l tr~.J s11o:t i=ioavod Pi ·~1o ( 1wa1·t- 1wod ) • Gll3S{..;:f':::as ( V0'1ryt ) "' rii!f C?.. O · xr ~"'""' f n e1 '"~ ) • • .. .l • t...J .L ....... " > ;;;u <• 4/ol fl • tnf""\-"'~ ")•")"'V"~~ .'"") ~ ( ~ . () ~w .. q : ~i ..l ... t~ "'"- ~,..,. ... >J • .. .,.. • • t v 'J • D1ac;l': ·.:c.J.nut ( :wm.·t- ;·:;.od. ) • I rrooJ;s mr:tA~3LI~ nr D:1Y on IH li!ltT:NFt1 I r:u~: noT !E ,I_l_l_/, :r,rmAr.rn DRY,. As.m rr.mT . __ _ THe Aldol"o ~ noe,:1 , ----. 81. :_:~.1· ~ fLl11G . rrf.v~. t.::he ·.) lOJ.:eieS . 0 ott. o::~.nood • ilal s o.n 1;1:1.1" • . :ti ~001\. . Wl'li "':,o u:i.l"'ol·l • DOl:: JTild0la o r.racl:be: ''l.'~r . f' 11vo1~ Unplo ( vel'Y ) • Dl n.cl;. Or::t.lc (in c~ntt\ct t t th i;von ) . Dlac1:- Jt~.clc oa1-: . l):':l:.n on.l: . G.Jm"ltolt Ot:1.l: . ·date:·~ Oak . r,ob.lol y PiJ~-­T -'l·- Pop .a:L'G o ~]o:t·vice -hcn~:t•y . Sic:;u-no_·\:_, • RFlSI~JOUS \700• S . GJ.':!'.?Y Pine { \1'(~1'1 .• ) • Jo~ o0';l- P:Lto ( V01'Y' ) . I1.oblo 1'Y Pine { o:: fL·::ine s) . JJO .. ~s-lc<:r• e::1 :t)1nc ( V'2.fi;J ) • Pitch I>j.do (VOl."'Ji"} . Hed P.l'!G . "~"~'!'Jh., O'.l....• ~,: ,--l~;:"1~".;..'1:;.l >oJ ~\~..~t'-v, ·l 1..:..'..1_ i1·-~lG:;'l {\..,.'. .-.,:. 1 Q•"1-,A_ 1.._' ...•..~...d..·.~ . ·~<; ...·: :~~,1.V ,.... T·::~l 1(.;.- ro '!JT~o.tn i?!:.:1c.:. rrk~·c.~ · I SELECTION OF WOOD . (vVheel er , Wood working , 29 . Boul ger , 78 . WOOD AS FUEL . Johnson,247 . Schlich,97 . s~let !horn .86 Chestnu\ Oak . 86 Blaok Haw .88 She llba:rk Hickory .83 H()!) 'l'l"ee . 88 OY~ Qak .83 PoatOak 83 Hol) Hornbeam 82 ~ .saowering Dogwood 81 · :Pig- nut Hiokory 81 · , ')1\~ ~ate-hea:!lt; Hiokott 81 Big Shel~ban lttokory so Baske\ Oak 80 #:... Persimmon . '78 s«rn oe-btft".l'Y . '18 osase orange . vs Blaok Mroh v-e SWamp Wb1 te Oak 78 sh!ngieOaK-'JJitkrntd:- ~r_y--.... y=if~ Black !horn 75 southern Buokthom -74 Wi nged ~lm '7-t. Jru:tt!l Oak '74 Rock Chestnut Oak '74 Scarlet Oak ,_4 Willow Oak '14 ~bite Oak '74 sorrel Tree 74 SWamp Hi OkO!"Y' 'f3 Blaolt Loouat 73 Water Lomtst 73 Sheep-berry , 73 Wuhington t.rhorn 73 Rook Elm ?2 1Jaokb8rl"f ~JI,rnln>'UK 7.z-"l2 ' Bla~k Jack Oak · 72 Wate:r:- Oak "72 Wild Yellow Plum 72 eoottemzr Tho:m 72 'Blue A8h 71 ~Ash ~l Mountain LattNl 71 Pecan ?1 Amencan crab Apple '70 Bl.aok Oak 70 Long-leaved Pine ~o Narrow-leaYed crab Apple Sl.ippery Elm KentuckY oo:f'ree Tree SUgar Maple Pin oak sPal'lish Oak Chickasaw Plum Beech lriteb Hazel Altemate-leavM Dogwood Hoaey LOGU8t. 69 69 69 86 69 69 69 68 88 e8'., 7 \nAIa h '0 0 .' l 6tf White Ash 86 YellGW Mrob 8-5 woolly- leaved Bttokthom 85 Wh1 t-e Elm EJ,5 Red Oak 65 Red Bay 64 Black Ash 63 sour Gurn 63 Great Laurel 68 Red-bttd 68 Yell.OW Wood 63 Red Ash 62 Red Maple 62 famaraok 8'2 Short-leaV'ed .. ne 61 Bl.aolt wa t l . Etl J '.lj~~ u Pape:r Bi~oh 59 O:hinqual)!;n 69 SWM'c\6Um ~ 59 TMetern Mountain As.h 59 Red ltlllberry 59 Wild Blaok Cherry ·58 Ameriaan HollY 58 Ameri.oan Ylh1 te Biroh 5., Red Bil"'oh 67 Syoamore 5~ Priokly Ash 5? Silver-b~ll 56 Hounta:f.n Ash ClllroltJ\4 'Buei<:IA.4),.rt. M-. s {' Loblolly Pine 54 Large-leaved Magnolia 53 Mountain Yaple "63 SilYer Yaple 53 ·strip.ed Maple 53 Jersey Pine 53 Planer Tree 63 Large ifupelo 52 Pitoh Pine 51 sweet Bay 60 Wild Red Cherry 60 J){aiLJ\ta.iK.. Magnolia 50 sassaf'ras so ' k Red eect.u ~ 49 ~able-Mountain Pine 49 sandbar W:l.llow '19 oray Pine •s Red Pine 48 gpeoltled. Alder "" · Cucrumber Tree 4-7 smooth Al.del! 46 Larg~tooth«t A8J)en •e swamp Poplar 46 Bl.aek SDPUoe 4-6 ~Re.t. Spru.ce~- Ohi() Buokey-e 45 ,,s- 'ahestnut - ccc+a.lpa.~'l Pnel Value - 3 . Bald· Oypress Peaah-leaved Willow Poison sumao Bla~k Willow Bo-x Elder St.aghol"n Bumao Whi t.e Basswood sweet Buttkeye Hemlook JJel.U:!.«r Poplar Glauoous Willow But.tft'llut. Catawba ~ee ~(.} .A d/.:.,-, PaWD&W . ...,..~~ White Spruoe V-!!:J_~­Cottottwood BalaamMr Whit& nne Balsam Pol>lU southern Balsam Fir S&e\Mrft. Wh1 te Cedar Wlrt.te Qec:it:\P /lrborviJ-.:ze 45 45 44 44 48 43 42 48 42 42 42 41 41 40 40 40 89 '38 38 36 36 33 a a ~ ~ ~ ,:.Jf. ,J.:(f~ dw--~~~ I - c. 0 , r/v- , , ,~ J2er;~ Vf e~~ . ~ ~...:.... ~- ;!::{ ~ ~ ~ ·~~ ..•. "''"'"'' .... ../f-~ ...-1-----/.- ~~~~~~~~~- J.-5-~~~ ~ ~4/Z.~ ~ ~ aJ(- ~ ~~ J lz;;t- lit£ ~ ~ ~ ~- a~ c-4 ~ . ~~~~~~aft-~·~~ ~~-~A~ ~ ~ ~d~ 4,-~~~ ·+ ~ Pttz-~ ~. 7Jwf-~ ML. ~a-~ c~ ~~ c~ ~~ J:ttz- ~-~ 1- .::tua. (_ . ~ 1 ~.A~ tt;;- ~ ~ ~) ~~~WL-~ ~ ·a£!1 il' ~ .,.d~ ~ ~. ~ ~ --- .!;;;;;" ~ ~ ~d. ~M- ~ h1. ~ n~ ~,1 J:dzt ~ ~~ a.v.:J ~~~ ~ .l,kdif:J hf;z-~ ~ ~ t;w_ ~ ~. fr~~~t~JT~~~r~~j~ . ~~ +~a£~~, ~ ~ a-~ ..4-~ -/ud ~ 1- -- dr ~~ n-~ ..:tuu ;:tt;;;t;-~ J~ '7 J:l1:r ~ ~~ ~ ~ 1 Jtz'~~~ ~.:.:c-~. / ~ ~~-~w~ ~ ~~ .l - ~A-- ~~~·~- ~~~-~~ r Y. J, ~- vd-& { ~ ~ ~)' ~ ~ a.- (~t:4ad._H ~ J:lt;;::t ~ ~-~~ .p~. vr~ ~ r a. ~ ~-fi. ~C-1-~~~. g~~ t:t~ Ot¥AM. ~ ~ ~~~~) ..-M-/Ift~~~r ~· ~.?U-~.k4-~.L~. . }.J.1 ~~. ~~1 4d,r~~I;-4&-~AU~ , !<!. -&~Jk4. ~ --fd. I t ~ ~.Ad . Ja~ ~~~ ~~-~r ~--pu. ;J.,-.,h_ ;t~ .h;- t!dt-; ~ t't.~~ J ~~ ~ "" AC ~ a- n-~ ;;t:;:C' ~..At£~~ ~ c..~ ~ ~ ...ea..u. .,Mr-~ ~ "" &4w:. P~ I ~p(.. 1~ ~ /1tz. """';!1 ~ ~ i ~ -wd~J· -lw.ir 4 ~ ""' ~ ~ tz4. ~ ~ J:lti:U 7- ~ ~ ~ ~4~-L ~-4~~· v- ~· q)u~ .;bb. ~ ~ ~ ~ ./1-aLtih. M I ~ ~- Y,lf. !iW c:r:;:tt1;:J.- ~"" ~~ ~ r-· ~.r:-;.-::-.rc., #. ~ {k>-§-J. ~ ~ ~ ~· ~ ..,.....,(, ~ ~--~-~· B~-k~~~. ~«,JI,if~. ~ +b-ftr ~~· "~ ~ ~ .Mw:.. 4~ .k ~ ~' a..4 ~ ~m-~ 4- ~} _L~ -pu, f ~~ ~ . • CHARCOAL , ASH . Charcoa.l .- (Jo11nson,248 . Sclllich,241 (stv.m:ps) . Boulger,l06 . Ash .- (Charuentier,33 . I I '-I') ! ' UTILITIES OF TREE PRODUCTS CLASSIFIED . Uses of' timber clas sified . - (_Schl ich,l07 , 116 . Charpentier, 366 . MECHANICAL USES OF WOOD . HA -~:· , ..• ··i .. :> fl...,-, J .. _ ..... ,:;{,., -··· • • ·:s l1~)...J r~f'()O'j, . :·:~ I) ::r:~cJ~t' ~··J1~ }.~~ c! 1. n·r..,. ... ...... ~· .,.1 . ;~1:-t:~y· ~{ ): .'-:·.. '"'f}~~\'\ . t ti'l.~t ,.:~ :.'} -;-~ 1~ L • . '! -~ ~ ,~' ~ ••• ,. .. ( '''"· ' 1 ~ ·:· ~' \ ~ ~ .._. f,. •A 'J - ..,... ~I J,._, J .. ,.. ,._ 'J t.:J } ·•• ""i ·~·o · ·~ r ( , ... '] .. -~ .... ) ... \.,,. ~-·.,. oo.I-..J ··~ ·"" • tl) • ;,:t ,;,1•.:1 . ..:1.:'\' 'l.)\~:'; . • * ·~a.~·::ntf ov :-·c m~) 1 ·~o~}: 011 ,n·tn~!'t ··:~ ..,:c~~l-1~1.".~1 . :!4 1:1J.J,.~;-;; . ~ ~:l~ J:~()::.!"ff • ::.0:.·rfb )P ... :' . Y<)JJ.:n~J r.oet.u:rh • Po:.~utr:. 'Oll ., fliluiA .. ! .. /;o~: u_~ . c:1~)t) :~ .. r•·!1~ . Gl1• ;:u f:)O:J.' • (J~/''."'J:t~)I.-H3:J •· ·:r; ~t , • .t~;r)tt~~-~'-1r~ • "~''·._· .. 1:!.. } • ~..,] .. 1. }: ~. '~ .-:.:wr:t l{~ , \il!"i.~c: A; '.cr.' . :iL·· .• ()(J::.;u:• ~-"' :... " .• 4~: () :J.:-: . l't-O,t""'l"f'"' .. ~. . ..l i.. . t.., { ~.:1 .. 1.. 1-0 .; • ~·· I ' '(""•·~ ·, ) I,. f _. • (~ ,1 ~.~y_;;r_Yt\{ ~ f) • T u;· :lrtl' ~l·l:,J: .• . l\,::1·;o~:·-vi ·~ ~1e . ~-·~ 'rJ~((JBl ~>tt:~·"O}l ( 1)C~J;,: · ·;~ (~(1(!.1l:t: . ,.: 1\x;;:l ( en)C:;J.J ia:•.l-;t IJ.:t:"t tc f- r:Jx~·t~ 'lr; . r:·~:::lt'!.!r:)n:·" !~,~~1~.\. . ~)·t 1 i:tlr:ro ). ) . f~~ ~)]1 ~ ~~!.:J';·J:) ·~:~.-;.r t;~ 7~·:1.·~~.~:01 f./ .. . Jn:~:.l:. i.a::·)].n . l ) ··~1.1t tt)j.' 111.:r.t, ,. Ct~:t:-1_;-· • ft.r> .. l . ~-.0::: --~ -w 1 b:,.• • - ~Q{J"'}f:.~ • .. -- -..: 4--·~ -.~J.J:J~; . rr . .:t!~ ..'-~i .• ~ . .J 11~~- t ' :!. ·~ ~~i_ X~ • ~1~.~\.-~~: Itt}~-~ ~ r~, .. " .. i ~ .. • :'J . ., \> -'-.J' ~ . . ' ... - ;a(·>·1 : ~:-\:. . ~1~. . 0 • --.....,----r----~~--------~~--------~-~~--~~--~---:--··---- c CJ'W- G~IDS . h8)C~'r' • oo t tc-nYr(.'>Od. VJiJ.low . Jltf:.1 . '1 tlTJ ~ ~-tj .. 0l(Ojt~I • Yc.llo:-; J,ocr:.15"~i . 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I ,:J }' .. ~~ JA ~!~lY ~ .. oJiy . {_) ? :'',: • ·.• '!." l '* ._,., ~-,..f. l~ ·"- .. ·- .'<{.~ ... ' J'. \/ }...; ,, , ".,\ ... ~ ~ - · ·Y" .~~1 ::tr;c; (J:t .~ "l r~ ,.~~ .. , . (t" ~;" ·:~t i: .. !tl~ • . ,, ~·~· · ·· ) f ... t.i . .. IJ\ m:crt:rJ , ·':)otrt , , ' .. T:. ·n ·,eu -~,8 ~::!1.1. ~r.rl te oo.~-: . 0i) . ). I • DO ,~iYOO:l . Holl'!r . J.Jnn•ol . :::: Po:':.···::i.r·eon . :1i~1 t~h . DJ~r:;oo~J. ~ ~~ODO:'}~'·A~'JS ~ ~l!)(!}~}l . ~ r.O.A.-~ I ~1-~~1 <~~~\>>~{~~·: -~~ ~· '-1 .t .·~)- -~ .:~-. :.; 4~r ~e-.,1,.~ s 1.1.·P ov.:-· • .!. ;·•; tti-o "l~ ~ ( ..., .. __,1"'1N · ,~· ... · • t .. ~..r ~i .. ._ ,v {,-t.o :·h J. \1 V 't1>..1 ::(Jl'SfiJOt:t::'- . !;t1t'O.'Ol ~ sn.;:":a1· :.:r~-ylc . ot '1 . ) • '·'"'J r·7,1'ha-.···:·~ ( .:-.~·+11o- •····t...,-*"1r." ) · .; "'''"' ~ ,.:.,.., ,.. ~o;.; ... ~.t . . ( .. ; ~>V,6J t.~- .,_.ll~'t..·1. v .. .. ,) ,. Onat~o O:·.•etn[_;o ~ Pm:u :ln:::~o~"i·. SOl "'ii ;Je..:..13e::?;y ·• no:r:~:·el Tl'OO . I: 8' :.>;~o ~~1.1:> e ... o ·• ::oo1s . TOOT ~-P1C.W " ~ Yol.lm; J;o.:;urlt, . 1 otl. lil,lJJJEr.t-'~~'"J· .. Ih:~-~ o~.J:· . B:?U1f~f.'QC('_ . T:ll::.IJ • 1.. !.,"'tt\r.-t"7l. <"• tfJ~ ,, t.!J r "'·' l! {~t DC :::')""tC){)f:t .• Pe:t•ts:L .~.lon .• ··J"C· i;O J·J - ... .• ,, . ..r ,v.J.·~,~~~t~l,.t. ,J.. .!f(} . DOGJT!G ()~) .• Holl y . · L ::~tr·'L' e.,J.. • AS!If:JJ.l .. B£Wf:rJ001 . " ' :;-~olJ. r . ~:J~· .~e-~~~ ..... f>'-~!-"1 CHEMICAL PRODUCTS OF TREES . (Johnson, 248 . Vood Pulp .-(Bulletin 34 , 40 . ' 90 Census , IX , 1015- . Tannin .-(Johnson, 248 . Schlich , l4 ,127 . Lasl et t , 9 , 97 . TUrpentine .-{ ' 90 Census , IX , lOOl- Deatructi ve Dist i llation .-( GiJ:':for d , 206 . Char pentiel"' , 418- I11.tlC i~n11 . Y~lJ.lou T,~o :;unt . I::~11d !}f:'((llB • ~~1.1 $. .tt.Cll'tl.1,. '. t • :·<lo.cl~ ·\la1.:1L~.t • c:t;)~_,f..:1no ._ 11-.l J U::.\,.0 : •. o .. l1l~l~}.X 11 .. ~.:£?\~1-: . :"J :l, (.3 ::~ ?;.:fJ/ ). f-~ • ::j~ clr_{)J~r • nne!. Oak .. AJ/to:t• •. J11~a-~1~ 0,,-... . fW.B .. ::: :~.'UH . G3.'t)01\ . 1"1" •.• "! - ... r)~.'D.ll("'~,.c .• -"""'~.-.-,.....~ Tnttm::n :t . r.,a:t•c:e ~::.;K:l o • Cot ·bol?.VlOOd . l}{~.:~vrr.>Oc~ . T .. J;'t.lO . .,.t_ • c~.f.J:;;·C.sr:.r"~ o·~:: . .. ~i¥ ;~i\">t-3..!- :.~· • AJ.t..:c;· .t . c:.lec,:;-~llt1.·6 . nc:.yooc.. .. 2.:'J :-. li,. }.}.~) . /"1< • • . 'J\,;- .. '\. .. J.?C~:t}f3~ .. :.: ·: 131 . Al'i1c~:'l' ,d . ..-s:o . Gcr.~·. :u.." . !Jobl:)l1'? P:L1.0 •· JJOLC:;~J.r::-~vocl. P:!.nn , P1. t-.:1 P:iJ:e .. ,.,~ 'I . 1• 7 n··n ('"t .... ). .. tj- .1 . ,. EDIBLE PRODUCTS OF TREES . 11 ;;v.,., .:;e:ttnut { n:t 11~ E:T. o1~(}1"'!f ( T' 1 a ::; ": ~- 't'f ttl r.nxt ( u C::t:nL ... ·AP:)lO ., t~o:Jtv:t -1n-ne:. ::.:t . t:)r:nt··~:iS! k:r::. . fN;O, ~ ~n.JJ'J r:~:~.·J•·.· .. ;)1}'t~.:P:r' ~ti~t :1 ~;t. t~~~;TtO:(J~l i:>1..u··~~t\: J~~.~ •. Tf:.ti:~c ' :1:: , r.~ort:~- 1. . J).. ' J'i.. · ~:~~ ~ ~ "' T~:l:~ ~~ ;.1~--rrc;!~ ~,.i }!~.o:t~::r ~ 1 1Ptt(). ,) :1.~~ .,: ...... ... #f~~r • Bla<:f!-':. r.l .d;. ( v or·1· ) • , ..·..j.· ~ ..... .~. O..n.. J: (J~·.1',/'H;f. . ) ~ ~~Bd Oa1: .• n~J .. .t.·e:t.o·; o·,:: , r~=~ · !12~lo c ~~ ... • -~~, ~u.~:-tr-f' .. ()t1.~~ .• .. ;· J. ,.,.' oa ( VW~"'r) • ~1 '-.... "' ... '·~· .. .. rr:~: l:. ort ' tf' ~ lo r ·i ,·1 • n ). I ) • .~.~1 u n. 0 ) . rworr:m :.?JA'.l: . :'31.1• , .. ~ ... ,..,..(: .. ~ ~::...11 (:\( ... ,J'.. lVfit...:)-·- ... ~;,. .. ,.~ 1 fJ~frl·~ t"f) .. ,. .. J. • .. .. . I MEDICINAL PRODUCTS OF TREES . / ~ { / OAUSTIO . ~TI1:J. "~(~ ::?:t 110 m·r ~-Jj \·:· ::·~~.; .. ~:,.: .. no.:;~ on,:. A Pcr')lP;.."jl ~ :~ · ~J:1 r., ). DL ?:J.ro; A. ·t ~' l.A..., .~r·. . ·~ ·· ) • :~~~ ... ? ~ _ 'f'~U.-.1: ~jJ l.0f'"''ilfJC~ ) • roJ_I::,· ~ _e:1ve..: ) ~ p t' f ...... !_.' ... ~ ('"tf11•" .... ", t".'t t .. \"-f)-··" ") .. ·,""\_._·._~.,.~-· ) • . U -·W' ... .... .,.,;J , ""· ~J..,. -" , - ..,. ( " ··~,_·,. } - ('! -·~ . .,-,~ 'i ,.,, " '"-··-~ \, v-'111··--.. ¥,_l,_,-., • • i'T·i .··'\ ~· . · · ~ 'l •• ·•~ -1 V-.u -' • "·J ,_,,... e '''"~'·"._',"~l'··~ ) • ( bd..:·:!". ) - C':r:'.f:'i c:~. 'll • 4" ~. ~5. --~=- nJ . • 07.1 0 ... r:.~, ~, ).,., lr">(·' '!') r.:>">'> ) ._.- ..,_ ..... JA .il \.. o,.,J .L • Anl: { 1e~1£' ) ,~ t<'!f)~~)IMJ.. ' "~ ~· Tt:Lue:ry !~1r1 ( br:.s:!.t: ) -- o ':':':'j..:):i Gll f' ""''l''• ('h<1"''··) - ()"1"-="'i· ..,., "'li "':..,f:,:-~ J... 1 '·' i, • .J'.~ .,;. <.. ,I ~- ···~ ~-·- •• ;I . ,.. ·~•'" ~ "\')(~'"I'H~JJ• t'l'i""'~" { ";l'•'1'ld "" t". .r"- >"'l'i + \ . .. ... ..t, }, •. ..,. _..lvtJ.--' ,.,.~.._. [ • .. t ... ,:.Jt.:. ·- .l . .. .,... '(.1 1 • :l ,. 8tt1C.1"'11 ( J.GJ.VCJ; ) .• ! ~ I PI1l'1 I:7G':"~, ~I' 'i"~c·,PTI< "r O'r. f, 1ir! ( •t ·~ '·'>'Q<'< ) -~-''-·-'J J-J ... ~ · AJ.·~/211' b:•:n5 nc~1 J.:.;tnr {~ :.~) . b,LJ;l~ ) • • 01J Y ;;:_,;·ihoB.- ·. ( '"~ol:n) - to ·'- h~ nJ:.:i n . !'~0:1t1:t';lry c~:J? ~~.Jo i!\ ;,e . ~~J;:n~1: . _. t (.,; t ., ... () ~~~!.1 ' ~~.~:. t . ...¢f~fll'~~~· .. t<: ...... II <Y~I)./J' / . \ /~// \ '-... , ... '// ---~ ,___.,....--~«r;~"4-""" ~ ,.,~.if"' KEY TO TIMBERS . (Johnson , 244 . Boulger, 49 . KEY TO THE TR~ES . ..... . .,' :. t ... I I I I ,' .·?,;_~.:.,_, .ls:JJY:Ot1 . __ ··-- ,.f.. .. . , "-"1:-i''~ i:...--- ~~ t· .(,.~ • -so-c 1 j__, , Sncot , mn .. o. ~!Ql: •. ,.,. !'"~-:._"l_"i~!-:1 , !t";)1~il ; Cf.'J:X1~l~.~. . :!.!1~: l1D)?<J1'(1 ~~ I>:e} c:.~n ... J. ~t r::rrt~ ~J.rtJ.~lJi11;~:~:1:es o;; o:_11·:.4rtt~ . to t7ooc. .- L:t(;~1t , r;o~l!! .. , r;t1011(;., rJt:i::~~~ ,. clf)f1() ~ c::.:\ o..:l11f3{~ , !JV.l'O..b:!.G in ;~·".to:t.' , iYut not ::l.n nl to:·.'no.tc "::ot :J.JKl '.. } .2'Y . ~~ :~Of:i_}CJ 0 7 -~~~.10 .. . J_ ·~J.r'l:o., ~Jl~-:11.~- .. '- >' .. .-~~~ . ~::~ ·., r~nrJ :"'!.? 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A po·11 M .. _.c r_.::: tile b.. ·td.eocl lonvoc ··lJ.1 . ...,c:~n , etc . in nude i:1to ~~1 '). os.;t.~~\in3cnt 1:t --;; ·c ~l~G . ir; cood ·~·m.' "7Ct.:.:.v G, C::.J~_·Q:i..ac , t'!.GGd. _:-o:t.' C::W-'ClOD .. The t}o.::i.: 11m~.:;o_.- :~mf'01.U1<J2.::U1d "'liO :~ . ::or; !;n;~1:Xl0.. ; : ... ':!.nnor:lot::'- ~ o -] . R8a1~9' .:ts . , .. -d oc. !. .- fJane nc - 7Jneo_.-- S,:;.t! 0 0.~ I:io:?cr:.;tJ.es Cl:~~) . G'Jinoca . ----~ s:.::oct~l Al(!