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Horace Kephart Journal 23

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  • Horace Kephart (1862-1931) was a noted naturalist, woodsman, journalist, and author. In 1904, he left St. Louis and permanently moved to western North Carolina. Living and working in a cabin on Hazel Creek in Swain County, Kephart began to document life in the Great Smoky Mountains. He created 27 journals in which he made copious notes on a variety of topics. Journal 23 (previously known as Journal XIII) includes historical information on wilderness, topography, Native Americans, and the frontier. Click the link in the Related Materials field to view a table of contents for this journal.
  • F JJfEXI c MAP S HOWING {N PlVE DEGID:t-:S OP OENSlTY, TilL DL'iTHIIIVTHlN WffiiJN 'l'llli TJo:JUUTORY F .• AS'l' Ot' THE 100" .. .MRH1DJAN OP1l:IE POPFLATlON OF THE FNITED STATES f'Jtdudm~ lllthans not taxf.'d . fumpi11"rl li-om tJ1e Het.urns of Popll1al.J()ll at Uw ~'1rsl Crn~ti."S 17!.10 NOT f.; *(''"Jr? or/hpn/n.hOII 0 ' ..,,. Sf AU; I II ~ {';,./"' .,,"4"4 ,., tl" Sq NJ,. c_l 2 • . 6 18 /,f 15 4'> .9(} Citi.M ""~ · tf(J(KJinlmi>JtoNisin s«v1 rolcr· ut.oirrlt:•' PI'C/P(!r'f•f'IWh•k?l'f'PU.Iqlt.m Jullru. "t1rn B. Co.Lt.h I 0 F JU E X 1 MAP ~jHOW I NG lN fl.Vto: DJo!ORhl':~ Ofo' llL~SIT\ 1 Tilt~ DJSTHllltrTrON Wnl(L'" Tltt: 'l'J;JHUTOHl l-~~T UP nu: IOU"" MEHII)L\N fW11 n·: POPT'LATION OF THE l ', TITEn STATES t>:\durlm( lndt.ans nc;.liA..wd ( "(IIUpllf'ci I "rom II If' H<'tnrns of Populahtr~ a\ til' ~"C'nnd fpnsus.l800 NPTf -*,;...,.,,... ttf/bp,/tdi,"f r u 0 0 ..,,. SCAU ~ l'n.l.-2 rnA-.:~ totllr .~Jfck 2 • . " J,f l!i (tb,.·tJt·trltWinll.&to'J/$tfT $('1idts/,.,­,,. tJirrltt' Tllt: J>OPPLATHH\' OF TilE FNJTED ST.r\Ti-':S t•~dlul1n~ lnd1;ttu1 not la.xrct l'ornptlE'd lh•m llw Ht•lurm, ofl'npH(IIIHlll .11th(' Tlnrr:l frnStl!'i 1810 XOTf -3¢f11tnln oJflbi:Jiti•"•un .11"'0.?.1 . n-.J7r'lt ---·- ------ 0 J~ 18 0 ~I E X r C ~1.\ l' ~IIOWlNf• (N Pl\1!: lJEOHr:t-:s t>t" Dfo'!IISI'n, nn·: DISTIUHl'TIUN WffiU;\ rm- n:HIU1'0H1' io>\..'-'T llP TR~ 10(1'•• MRRIDIA."'i m TitJo: POPl 'LXI'lO~ OF THE LTfED S'L\TES exf·lurl•n hu l t<-~11."4 n •t t.lx..•d ( ·~)mpllt~c\ I rum thP. Rl"tum~ fl( P"i'ultthm <1l>R- ll" ul'Uw \' . 1 ,. . tult>cl Slut<•~ . .~. t 1 ruun, l)u•p<•tur . • r 90' !)Q and OVf'r --L..,. INDIANS- Famil es & Tribes, re ding-grounds & Ranges.­Cis- Missi ippi. ).t 3.16-31. TRAPPING. INDIANS -- Woodcraft. outfittine. Cam )ine. Camp-fires. INDIANS - Woodcraft. Forest Travel. Use of Divides. . .Crossing Streams. Siena of Direction. Keeping a Course. Getting .~ ost • INDIANS -- Hoodoraft. Plains Tr vel. Desert Travel. ountain Travel. Swamp Travel. \7ater Travel. INDIANS -- Woodcraft. Bivouacs. Living off the Country. INDIANS -- Industries. -------- DOMESTICATED ANIMALS. ) ~ • ~ I :17, INDIANS -- Industries. HERDING. AGRICULTURE. Corn. Small Crops. INDIAU AG ICUI1TU • "Indian Corn is called by the (.Penobscot) Indians r achin, and it is believ d to have or ginated n exi o. When wlute men arrived in America they ound it in ,Ultivntion om latitude orty degrees south to the eland of Orleans, n t 1e t.J,a ence river. That w s probably its :x:t1•eme limit to the north- ast. Ho it could have been pro a t d and ipened o far north of ita native tropical home has been a subj ot of' curious speculat ·on. ery ultivato h s doubtle s noti ed how d tficUlt it s to perfect the plant from seed obtain d om any consider ble distance soutll of the on n w·hich 11e endeavors to raise it. Seed procured om N Yo "k will seldom o nev r perfect 1 tself' n 1 aine, nd it is deemed unsafe to plant that brought from ~a~ ch sett • ow, then, did the In an, ithout other a icUltural eduo tion than that derived om his own unreco de d per ect observ tion , push ita production from the Gulf' ot Mexico to the ~t .r,a en e? He ertainly a ,compliahed this result ages be ore the white man visited him; and it was to the nat ves that the lY hite se tle a of New England were indebted or their se d corn of the var1eties no in us • An annual lant may ext nd tsel ast or est along isot11er:mal lines, by ccidental causes ; but it o not hav moved into a colder cl mate, requiring cultivation and care, without gre t att ntion, and the a 11 ion of mor than ord.1.na.ry oldll. It must have required ages to have been accl t in that country no consti­tuting canada and th e England states. he Inclian has a t1• di tion e ar n th m tl1od by hioh the northern va• eties of corn were obtained and ~er~ected. Like ll t11e g ·a , nd many oth r annual ~lants, Corn grows up ard by joints or actions. The n n ob erv d that the time required to produce and p r ect jo nt wa one change of the moon; and as the ear o Corn talts nly o a joint t11ere as n dessaru-. bout ven days b tw en the ol~n~ o t1e arson suo essive joint • Nov, if an e an b made to start at the econd joint, it would mature some v k in advance of that llio 1 should be formed on the seventh joint. BY constantly 1 tin or a ed the lowest ears, he 1nallY obtained varieties that produced from joints lower tlurn the original :plant·, and very muoh arlier. '.rhus, in time, corn was produced small in stalk. and , and dapted to t11e short summers of the no~t11. Slo 11y, but permanently, 1 t -passed into the eigllt-ro col~, o uoin onstantly on the lower jo·nts, and ri-pening in three months om the day o :plan tin • u (Letter ~om P ol su up, n educated Penobscot, to T.H.Hoskins, pub. in Garden and Forest, vol.VII_,p 3, Jan.l6,1895.) INDIANS -- Industries.-- Food. Dressing and Preserving eat and Fish. Preserving Vegtab ea and F.rui INDIANS -- Industries. Gathering Wild 1 nts,ete. Edible Plants of the Wilderness. ~ ....:.J;1 ,..J.;:"1 • ~I :/I~- ~3. :JJ INDIANS -- Industries -- Cooking. MEATS. 'fr.U t;.kt ""fr't"t.uA. ,:;.,., ~ --1- ~~ ...29S. :JJ INDIANS -- Industries -- Cooking. BREADSTUFFS. /(u... ~ ~ ' ~ ,,.e._ - ¢;;;) ......:.Ut. J ~( - f. .-.. f:G,. It•.-. ~I ,_...4, • t ~ .. , - ...(, Ao - ~.t b.., I ofo ~ ,.,... M- ~- '£,.c.J.(...,.X:. ~~ J6. INDIANS -- Cooking. VEGETABLES. ~C.."""~ - - ~{*, ... ~ .;.tr.. ~- JozoW, .lt03. rf~.c9.11.~.)zo;ov(,~ /f.U. INDIANS -- Relation to the 3hysioal liorld. BEASTS. ~ ~- 'W., I,.t-l.f.r. u;.,.. ?-- ti)~ tQ ~- J:L .. r, .1 /) ~ ...._ ~ ~~-~1 4o~-9, INDIANS - Religious Ceremonials. I "o- ' FASTING. INDIANS -- uperstitions. I~ Ji-.J 4::J ~1 .-e£. a..a. ~,"""""- ~ "J..,..,Ju..:' (tl'W6,JVq '»~- ~ -tMAAu-, ~ lt:4,.. ~ tytW. ~~. ~ ~ ~ Jt:c;J.,.J;,aMA. -a. )>1447:J ~ -?4~~~. ~~ ~c. M~ ~~ 4: ~tt ~. ~IM,.rr. JG? ~N~· ~- ~· ~~ ..... ~ ~41. ~'&,_...z7lfilt.u4. .Q"f:'/u~~~ ....'..- A1~, flm"'cf ~4 ~~~!!J tJ-&- ~ ~~IN-F ~ ~ awL ~~#C\UJ. ~-11- tdl ~-L ht£1%Md. ~ ~~ ttz;. $~ "1tz-~. ~~ .2tl'O-!ZOf1 2.Z/-.2:J~ J. 'J 'f. ~-(j I J;j/l-/f. ~?~fA.~ 1 ~~.~~Mo. liAR- k oods ct c • AJU.). - • WAR- Bontrasta. -I. G. B • -J. -~ -T. -u. -v. CONTENTS. 1.· Rival Wh1 tee- Spaniarda. • " • Fr noh. 3. • • Anglo-Americana. 4. The American Pioneers-- Stooke and Breeding-Grounds. 5. • • Fuzing o~ Stooke. 6. • • Contrasts. 7. Frontiersmen-- Physique, Agility, Endurance. a. • Character. 10. nerelopment o~ a New Type o~ Character. 11. Restlessness. 12. Activity, Love of Adventure, Daring. 13. Love of Preedom, Elbow-room. 14. Scorn o~ convention. L' 15. Shiftiness, self-Reliance. 16. Imperturbability, F.nduranoe. 17. Independence. 19. Ne1ghborlinea9, F.quality, Hospit~lity. 20. Honesty, Simplicity, Truthfulness. 2l.Thoughtfulness, common-sense. 22. Sel~-Denial, Economy. 23. Industry, Promptitude. ~- ~4. contentment, Freedom from orldly care. 26. Frontier Women-- Character. 27. Frontier Children. 28. Character-- Oontr~ets. 9. Frontier Types-- oodsmen, First settlera, Permanent settlers. 30. • • scout, Indian Fighter. 31. • " HW'lter. !I. " " Trapper. 3!5. " " Trader. 38. " • Jl:xplorer, Surveyor, Naturalist. 37. " " Soldier. 38. • " Missionary. 9. " • Mover. 40. " " settler. 41. • • Mieoell~oous. 42. Influence of Pioneers on National Character and Institutions. 43. Famous Frontiersmen-- Ois-Mieeissippi.-- A-0. 44. " " " D-G. 45. " II " H-1. 46. " " " M-0. 47. " " " P-S. 48. " " " T-Z. 49. " " Trans-Miseies1pp1.-- A-o. 50. " " • D-G. 51. " " " H -L • 52. " " • M-0. 53. • " " P-S. 54. " • " T-Z. FRONTIF.R TYP ,S- Creole Settlels. Accustomed to obey without qu t on the o ers of the r RU r­iors. Passiv6ly obedient to new rulers. Vague distrust and re ul-sion for haughty tish of icers and reckless bac oodsmen. nter-married ith the Indians, untrammelled hy the queer p :t e of r.:ngl sh­men. Richer ones held slaves. Tille s of the soil, blacksmi tlts, car-penters, rappers and fur traders. l~ei tltel' tndustrious nor thrifty. Primitive cultivati on. Orchards. Loved the half-savage life of excessive hardship nd excitement varied by long intervals of idleness; ao got long well with the Ind1ans. Made :few clearings and did not drive oft: the game. Fonu of games and :festivalt:~. Good-humored. Insouc a t. K ndly. Al aye polite. Illiterate. Hospitable. Blgoted. Tinid. on tlteir own j ni tiati ,,e, but val ant when well led. (See ROOSEVELT, West.) 'I '7.)":. ':7• ,(f$,~ Ito , 'ol. , ~ • .tr; 6o- . m~~~, ~ •· ~ c., te~~~ THE AfRICAN PION R- zing o Sto • 0 TI R - 0 IA CTER . . __!1.,I,19. -

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Horace Kephart

Background and Early Career Horace Kephart was born in 1862 in Pennsylvania, but spent much of his youth in Iowa. He went on to achieve success in two careers. Trained as a...

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