Southern Appalachian Digital Collections

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Ferns of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park

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  • As one stage in the reproductive process of ferns, spores form in certain areas on the underside of the leaf. Each of these areas is a sorus, plural sori. In many species, the sorus is covered by a thin layer of tissue called an indusium, plural indusia. It can be essential, in attempting to classify ferns, to note whether an indusium is present, whether it is round, kidney-shaped, or long and narrow. In some species, the curled-under leaf margins hold the sori, and in others the sori grow in clustered spheres formed by fertile leaves. The spores are incredibly small and light, and may be carried for long distances by the winds before settling back to earth. Those that chance upon a favorable niche grow into prothallia that develope male and female cells from which new fern individuals result. Indusia ■& round long kidney-shaped none
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Object’s are ‘parent’ level descriptions to ‘children’ items, (e.g. a book with pages).