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Western Carolinian Volume 68 Number 08

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  • | LOWE IS Ih THE AIR What are You Really Getting for Valentines Day? Not All STDs Have Visible Signs or Symptoms By Emily Weaver | WC Are you sure you are safe from a sexually transmitted disease? Health Services reported that out of the hundreds of people who are tested on campus for an STD, 5 to 10 percent are infected with one. This accounts for as little as 1 out of 10 people that are actually tested at WCU. The most prevalent STD on campus and nationwide is Genital Warts, said Jetf Davis, a physician at Western Carolina University. The estimated national statistics for this infection are variable to different areas of the country but can be as high as 30 to 50 percent of the sexually active population. Our numbers at WCU are not that high, probably around 20 percent. Affecting 10 to 20 percent, Genital Herpes is the second most common STD on campus. The American Social Health Association (ASHA) reports as many as | in 4 Americans have genital herpes and 80 percent of those with the disease are unaware they have it due to lack of symptoms. Both of these are viral infections and easily passed through unprotected sex, Davis said. Genital Warts is caused by the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) and appears as wart-like growths in the genital area or as abnormal cell changes. According to the ASHA website, Some studies show that the majority of the sexually active population is exposed to at least one or more types of HPV - although most do not develop symptoms. Because HPV is so common and prevalent, a person does not need to have a lot of sexual partners to come into contact with this virus. HPV is curable and is not considered life threatening, although high risk forms may eventually lead to cervical cancer if not treated. Women are encouraged to receive regular check-ups to detect any abnormal cell fluctuations. Genital herpes is a chronic skin condition, which can cause irritations in the genital area, Like all viruses, there is no cure for this ailment, and though uncomfortable, it is not suspected to be life threatening. The virus can travel through nerve pathways in the body and lay dormant, not causing an outbreak for long periods of time. Another serious STD that can be difficult to detect with the human eye is HIV infection. The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that attacks the immune system resulting in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), reports ASHA. AIDS and HIV are also incurable, but unlike herpes, the two diseases are life threatening. These viruses weaken the immune system to the point where medical intervention, often resulting in hospitalization, is needed to treat a serious illness. HIV is not easily contracted, HIV can only be contracted through the transmission of sexual fluids or infected blood. Contrary to some myths, the disease cannot be caused by swimming in the same pool as someone with HIV, mosquito bites, sharing everyday items, coughing or sneezing. Blood tests are required to detect the HIV virus. Hepatitis B (HBV) is a virus that is contracted in the same ways as HIV. It can only be contracted through the transmission of infected blood, semen or vaginal secretions. This virus eats away at the liver causing cirrhosis (scarring of the liver), cancer and death. According to ASHA, It is estimated that 5,000 people die each year in the United States due to the complications of cirrhosis and liver cancer as a result of HBV. Although HBV is a lifelong virus, people who are at risk, or wish to never be at risk, can receive vaccination shots to prevent infection. The shots would also keep you safe from Hepatitis D, which can only coexist in the body with HBV. Ifa person has contracted or is believed to have contracted the illness, the vaccine may prevent the virus if given seven days after initial contact. The vaccine includes three shots given periodically within a 4-month time frame. The most prevalent STD on campus and nationwide is Genital Warts, said University Health Services physician Jeff Davis. The estimated national statistics for this infection are variable to different areas of the country but can be as high as 30 to 50 percent of the sexually active population. Our numbers at WCU are not that high, probably around 20 percent. The most common bacterial STD is Chlamydia, affecting 10 to 15 percent of the population, Davis said. Chlamydia can be asymptomatic (without symptoms) for up to two years and sometimes is only detected by routine cultures during a PAP exam. This STD is very similar to another bacterial disease, gonorrhea, and can be treated with antibiotics prescribed by a doctor. Gonorrhea, AKA the clap, is a curable bacterial infection spread through oral, anal or vaginal sex. It can cause pain or a burning sensation as well as a pus- like discharge. A majority of men will experience symptoms 2 to 5 days after contracting the illness, but most women will not experience any symptoms. Those who do will usually experience them up to 10 days later. In 90 percent of the cases, people experienced no symptoms. Another curable sexually transmitted infection, syphilis, is caused by the bacteria treponema pallidum. This STD is more common here in the southeast, although the disease in itself is not as common as others. Jack the Ripper is believed to have been infected with syphilis. Chlamydia, Gonorrhea and other bacterial diseases, if not treated, can turn into Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID), which infects the female reproductive organs and can lead to infertility in women. This disease is most common between women aged 15 to 25 and can be either sexually transmitted or naturally occurring. If left untreated, PID may lead to infertility, cystitis (inflammation of the urinary bladder), ectopic (tubal) pregnancy, recurrent episodes of PID and chronic pelvic pain, ASHA reported.
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