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Secretary of Agriculture report on watersheds
Item
Item’s are ‘child’ level descriptions to ‘parent’ objects, (e.g. one page of a whole book).
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34 APPALACHIAN AND WHITE MOUNTAIN WATERSHEDS. Inaccessible lands, lands where the rate of timber growth is moderate or slow, or lands on which the timber when mature is not of the best quality, can scarcely be affected by this procedure. Something additional must be done to protect them. Such lands in the White Mountains and the Southern Appalachians lie almost altogether within the areas designated in Maps I and II of this report. For the most part, they make up the 668,000 acres in the White Mountains and the 5,000,000 acres in the Southern Appalachians, already mentioned as being of first importance for protective purposes. In the control of these lands does not the Federal Government have a large obligation and a corresponding opportunity? A careful study of their character and of their relation to the administration of the entire region convinces me that it has, for the following reasons: 1. The safeguarding of these lands can not be accomplished by action of the States in passing fire and tax laws. Some special action taken with a view, primarily, of public welfare is necessary. 2. These lands are of value solely for timber production. They lie above the limits of fruit growing and farming. If not in timber they must come to a condition of absolute waste, the prey of fire and any sort of abuse or mismanagement. Cared for, they will form a valuable addition to the future timber srfpply, which the Government must take action to secure. 3. These lands form the most important part of the two regions. Having the greatest elevation, they receive the largest amount of rainfall; being steepest, they are most subject to erosion. Therefore their influence on the streams of the region is far greater, for good or ill, than the influence of any other areas of equal extent. 4. Every acre of these lands is on the watershed of a navigable stream on which for the removal of sand and silt the Government is even now spending money in large amounts. The sand and silt which are now in the rivers have come from the cleared slopes of gentler gradient and lower elevation than those remaining in forest. If the forest is destroyed from these higher lands the expense of keeping the stream clear will be multiplied many times. 5. The States can not afford to protect these lands. The timber which they can produce is not valuable enough for the State to protect them for the timber crop. Almost without exception they lie on the watershed of a stream which has its chief commercial importance in another State. Therefore no State is willing to put them under control for the protective value of their forest. 6. By taking control of these lands the Federal Government would be in a position to exert by example and cooperation a far-reaching influence for the safeguarding of the two regions. With relatively small bodies of land on each of twelve or fifteen important watersheds, it could cooperate with other landowners on each watershed in protecting the locality from fire and in the introduction of improved methods of forest management. Advices from timberland owners in many localities justify the opinion that in this way conservative forest management can be effected over millions of acres of private lands. In my judgment it is clear that by the ownership of 5,000,000 acres in the Southern Appalachians and 600,000 acres in the White Mountains the Government can lead the -way to the right management and use of the entire areas designated on the maps.
Object
Object’s are ‘parent’ level descriptions to ‘children’ items, (e.g. a book with pages).
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This 41-page “Report of the Secretary of Agriculture on The Southern Appalachian and White Mountain Watersheds” is in the collection of the Appalachian National Park Association records. The Senate report was written in 1907. Even before the dawn of the 20th century, the association raised awareness of the importance of forests to water.
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![wcu_great_smoky_mtns-14416.jpg](/media/w320/wcu_great_smoky_mtns/wcu_great_smoky_mtns-14416.jpg)