Southern Appalachian Digital Collections

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Report of the Secretary of Agriculture in relation to the forests, rivers, and mountains of the southern Appalachian region

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  • 104 SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN REGION. Deciduous Holly (Ilex decidua) is a small tree, seldom 25 feet in height, with a short trunk and large, spreading crown, growing along streams below 1,500 feet elevation. The wood is hard and tough, but is not used. Mountain Holly (Ilex monticola), becoming 25 feet in height and 10 inches in diameter, is common on cold slopes at high elevations. The wood is not used. Mountain Maple (Acer spicatum) is a small tree, seldom 20 feet in height, often with several stems from the same root, which grows in cold, wet soil at high altitudes. It has no uses. Striped Maple (Acer pennsylvanicum), becoming 50 feet in height and 14 inches in diameter, is found frequently along cold streams above 3,000 feet elevation. The wood is put to no use. Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum), reaching a height of 120 feet and a diameter of 40 inches, is common north of the Cowee Mountains, above 2,000 feet elevation, on cold, moist soil. The hard, fine-grained wood is sawn for flooring; the figured wood for furniture stock. A small quantity of maple sugar is made from the sap. Seed is borne frequently and abundantly, and young trees are common in damp woods. The rate of growth is slow. Black Maple (Acer nigrum) is a tree similar in size to the preceding, but much less common, being largely confined to the western slope of the Smoky Mountains. Red Maple (Acer rubrum), becoming 110 feet in height and 36 inches in diameter, is common on moist soil, and the young growth in culled woods. . The wood is softer than that of the preceding, and inferior to it. It seeds freely and reproduces well. The rate of growth is slow. River Maple (Acer rubrum drum.mondii) is a smaller tree than the preceding, seldom more than 80 feet in height and 2 feet in diameter, which is common along the banks of the larger streams. The wood is soft and white, and is not used. It seeds freely and young trees are common. Box Elder (Acer negundo), becoming 40 feet in height and 1 foot in diameter, is frequent along the large streams at a low elevation. The wood is not used. Buckeye (yEsculus octandra) becomes a tree 120 feet in height and 4 feet in diameter. It is common in cold hollows, especially above 3,000 feet elevation. The wood is light and soft, but is not generally used. It reproduces freely. The rate of growth is good. Purple Buckeye (JEscxdus octandra hybrida) is a smaller and less common tree than the preceding, and is confined to the western slope of the Smoky Mountains. The wood is similar to that of the preceding. Buckthorn (Rhamus caroliniana) is a small tree, seldom more than 25 feet in height, found on open slopes near the larger streams. The wood is not used.
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Object’s are ‘parent’ level descriptions to ‘children’ items, (e.g. a book with pages).