Southern Appalachian Digital Collections

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Report of the Secretary of Agriculture in relation to the forests, rivers, and mountains of the southern Appalachian region

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  • SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN REGION. 95 Arbor vital {Thuja occidentalis) is a small tree which occurs in the Southern Appalachians at only a few places, as on Cripple Creek and Linville River, on moist soil. Red Cedar {Juniperus virginiana) is a small tree, seldom more than 50 feet in height, which is frequent below 1,500 feet elevation in old fields and along roadsides, especially on limestone soil at the foot of the western slope of the Smoky Mountains. The wood is soft, but durable and valuable. It reproduces freely, but the rate of growth is slow. Butternut {Juglans cinerea) is a short-stemmed tree reaching a height of 70 feet and a diameter of 24 inches. It is frequent on rocky soil along streams between 1,500 and 4,000 feet elevation. It yields a valuable light-brown cabinet wood. Seed is borne at frequent and regular intervals, and reproduction is good. Black Walnut {Juglans nigra) reaches a height of 110 feet and a diameter of 40 inches, attaining its greatest size in the deep hollows of the mountains of North Carolina, where it occurs mixed with oaks and chestnut. The larger and most valuable trees have generally been removed. It seeds regularly and reproduces freely. The black, fine-grained wood takes a good polish, and is largely used in Europe for furniture. Bitternut {Hicoria minima) is one of the largest and most valuable of the hickories, often attaining a height of 110 feet and a diameter of 30 inches. It is frequent on lower moist slopes and along streams. Seed is borne in abundance at frequent intervals, and reproduction is good. The rate of growth is rapid. The wood is hard, heavy, and tough, and is much used for the handles of tools and in wagon manufacture. Shagbark {Hicoria ovata) is frequent along streams and on moist, rich slopes, where it attains a large size. It reproduces freely by seed, and small trees sprout from the stump. The tough, elastic wood is regarded as being second in quality among all the hickories. The large, edible nuts are extensively gathered and sold. Carolina Shagbark {Hicoria carolince-septentrionalis) is a smaller tree than the preceding, but its wood is of the same quality, and is used for the same purposes. It occurs on sandy soil at the southwestern end of the Appalachians, below 1,200 feet elevation. Shellbark Hickory {Hicoria laciniosa) is a large and valuable tree which is found at only a very few places. It grows on alluvial lands at a low elevation. White Hickory {Hicoria alba) is the most common hickory. It is frequent on rich, warm soil at a low elevation, where it becomes a large tree, sometimes 110 feet in height and 3 feet in diameter. The hard, tough wood is preferred to that of the other species for mechanical uses. It seeds and reproduces freely, and young trees are common in
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Object’s are ‘parent’ level descriptions to ‘children’ items, (e.g. a book with pages).