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Appalachian National Park Association Newspaper Clippings, 1899-1902
Item
Item’s are ‘child’ level descriptions to ‘parent’ objects, (e.g. one page of a whole book).
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A portion of these lands were purchased (as the Louisiana purchase); other portions came by right of discovery (Oregon and Washington) , while still other portions were ceded by Mexico as the result of war (California, Utah, Nevada and Arizona). Had these ! various lands been sold by our govern- tment, the proceeds of such sale would . have gone into the treasury of the United States, but instead they have been iwithdawn from sale and set aside as national forest reserves for the general benefit of the nation, and for the special benefit of the states and territo- , ries within, which these various reservations are located. "The measure under consideration involves a purchase by the government of the forest Hands Which are to be incorporated into a forest reservation instead of as in most of the former cases, a withdrawal from sale of forest lands formerly purchased. The principle, as well as the purpose, is much the same in both cases, and if Judged simply on a question of finance, the government's investment would prove a good one. "The proposed purchase of mountain lands for the Appalachian Forest Reserve Willi not be without .precedent on the part of the government. Numerous tracts of land have been purchased and reservations by the government, as well as the purchase from the Black- toot Indians in 1896 of a large body of forest lands at a cost of $1,500,000, which lands were subsequently added to the Flatfoot Forest Reserve in Montana. This policy is not confined to 'our own government, as it will be found upon Investigation that other governments have deemed it necessary to perpetuate their supply of itimber and to iprotect •the forests about their mountain streams and rivers. In some cases, like that of France, where the governments . have too long neglected to protect their mountain streams, they have found it ' necessary to expend many millions of dollars in trying to restore the forests on the mountain slopes, from which the forests had been destroyed by their i original owners. ■"The Southern Appalachian moun- ■ i a ins extend from the southern half of Virginia and West Virginia southward into Georgia, and there are some low and somewhat isolated regions still further southwest in Alabama. On the t, crossing Virginia, the Carollnas, anil Georgia, lies the Piedmont, or hill country of the South Atlantic; on the west, the valleys ot Virginia and of the Smith Atlantic; on the west, the val- i leys of Virginia and of Blast Tennessee. The main body of these mountains is within a belt which averages some 40 miles "in width and 200 miles in length. Along 'its eastern border is the Blue Ridge and along its western border are | the Great Smoky or Unaka mountains. | Between these are innumerable shorter, ! irregular mountain ridges, all of which rise over 6,000 feet. It has nearly 300 additional peaks and 300 miles of dividing ridges which rise more than 5,000 feet above the sea. "In referring to this region, the secretary of agriculaure says: " 'These are not only the greatest mass of mountains east of the Rockies, they are the highest mountains covered with hard-wood forests in America. This region, thus unique in its position, in its mountain peaks, in its forests, and it its climate, stands grandly out as the greatest physiographic feature in the eastern half of the continent. Between these groups of mountains, and far below them, 'though still at an elevation of 2,000 feet or more above the sea, are the numerous narrow valleys of this region. They border the numberless streams, and hence nearer to the Blue Ridge than to the Unakas. " 'As a rule, they vary in iwidth from a few hundred feet to as many yards. Some of the most notable of these val- ley%, reaching a width of from 2 to i miles in places, are those on New River in Virginia, on the French Broad above Asheville, on the Tennessee River in southwestern North Carolina, and about the head waters of the Coosa j and othei rivers in Georgia'. As these streams approach and.cut through the i mountain borders of -this region they i run in deep gorges, tie full width of ' which is often occupied by the streams.' "For centuries past ihese mountain j slopes and valleys havj everywhere i been covered with dense forest growths, ; and 'there was in general a freedom < from floods and no wasU on land surfaces. "The hard-wood or bread-leaved forests had their beginning n this region, and owing to the great -variety of soil and topographic and cltnatic features in this region we have ttare today the greatest variety of all foins of vegetation, and the most extensive remnants of the aboriginal or primeval hardwood forests now left in North America. Here is to be found the mingling of the varieties which ettend northward from the Gulf State! with those which have extended sout-i from New England and Canada. 'The valleys of this r«gion have nearly all been cleared of their forests and are now under culti ution. The ever-increasing demands fir land to cultivate has resulted in cearings being made higher and higner up the 'mountain slopes, which in most instances have a pitch of ffumi 20 to 30 or even more than 40 degree*. In many • sections these clearings ha/e acBually. i reached the top of the mountains. It ' is estimated that about 24 per cent of the area of this mountain region has | been cleared, and the destruction of the ; mountain forests is increasing rapidly every year. The rapid increase in this clearing for agricultureal purposes Is due to the fact that these mountain fields are short lived, and unless sown in grass are usually limited to seven or eight crops at most. "In discussing this phase of the question, the secretary says: " 'They are cleared, cultivated, and abandoned in rapid succession.' "If something is not done >to check •the rate at 'Which these clearings are being made by the lumbermen and farmers, a few decades more 'will witness the complete destruction of all the timber on the mountain slopes in the region in question. If the effects of the destruction of timber in ithis region were confined to the immediate vicinity it would not present as serious a problem as the one which confronts us when we come to consider the many disastrous results flowing therefrom. "The d estimation of the forests of the mountain slopes has already resulted in increasing the frequency and violence of the mountain floods, and these are not only carrying away the soil on the hillsides, but at the same time are rapidly destroying the flat lands which lie in the narrow mountain valleys. During the past few years many thousand acres of these valleys have been 'actually washed away, and it is only a question of time, if this process continues, when all of the valley lands will have been damaged to such an extent as to render them valueless. "Of the Southern Appalachian Mountain -region, as a whole, about 24 per cent of area has been cleared of its forests and is now either being used for 'agricultural purposes or has been abandoned. Leaving out the valleys :i ml border lands, which have gentle slopes and which can safely ibe con- , tinued in a cleared condition and used for agricultural purposes, the remainder of the 'area is sbill to a much larger extent covered with forests, probably not more than 5 to 10 per cent of the same having been cleared.. "On many of the la.rger tracts of land In this region still held under one ownership, and consisting of from- 10,000 to 70,000 acres, the proportion of cleared j lands does not exceed 5 per cent; but under the present arrangement the annually recurring fires by the destruction of the humus and undergrowth has greatly diminished the capacity of these forest-covered areas for the storage of water, and thus for the regulation of its flow in the neighboring streams. The humus and undergrowth constitute nature's great sponge, which' absorbs and hoids moisture until it can percolate Into the soils and rock fisures below the excessive flow 'which always results in any ■ mountainous 'region wherein the provisions of nature have, by negligence or otherwise, been destroyed. "The population in this region is confined principally to the valleys and bordering lands with gentle slopes. In the region of the Great Smokies, trie Nantahala, the Balsam, and Oowee i mountains, lying partly in Tennessee, i I but mainly in western North Carolina, . j in areas embracing one and a quarter ■ million acres exclusive of the valleys, j the population does not exceed 1,000 I people, and should these settlers desire j to continue to live In this region after ! it has been acquired by the government i under the provisions of this act, such i continuance on their part would in no wise Interfere with the purpose and operations of the forest reserve. , "Indeed, it Is not the purpose of the secretary of agriculture, in the event that this forest reserve is established, i to undertake to control or interlere with the valleys, it being the policy of i I 'the government to purchase the higher j mountains and only such mountain ' farms as may be voluntarily offered I for sale by the owners. "The damage from these floods is not now limited to the mountain region itself, but extends along these mountain - streams from 100 to 200 miles across the 1 adjacent states. The rivers rising in this region are many and important. . The nine largest are as lollows: The James and the Roanoke, flowing eastward from its northern end into the , Chesapeake Bay and the Albemarle I • Sound, respectively. "The Pee Dee, the Congaree, and the , Savannah, flowing into the Atlantic. "The Chattahoochee and the Alabama, flowing from the southern end of these mountains directly into the Gulf of Mexico. "The French Broad and other tributaries of the Tennessee flowing westward into the Mississippi. "The Kanawha, which flows northwestward from the northern end of these mountains into the Ohio. "The damages from floods to the agricultural lands and other properties along the streams during the spring ' and summer of the year 1900 were estimated by the secretary of agriculture to have aggregated not less than J10,- 000,000. The damages along one river in North Carolina—the Catawbai—from the storms in the Blue Ridge mountains during May and August, 1901, agounted to $1,500,000. Most of the bridges, the mills, the crops, and the farm lands for nearly 200 miles were swept away in the course ot a few hours. "A single storm last year in one small valley in Mitchell county, N. C, a valley which had been largely cleared of Its forests, wrought damages to the amount of more than half a million dollars, still more recent damages from storms along these streams during December, January, and February have been almost as great as those during the spring and suimimer Of 1901; among other things, at least one-third of the little town of Marshall, N. C, being completely swept away during the month of February. "The following statement will give some idea as to the extent of damages along streams rising in the proposed Appalachian Forest Reserve since April 1, 1901: Kanawha, adjacent streams (in Virginia and West Virginia..$1,000,000 Roanoke, James, etc. (in Virginia 1,000,000 Watauga (in North Carolina and Tennessee) 2,000,000 Nolichucky (in North Carolina. and Tennessee) 2,000,000 French Broad (in North Carolina and Tennessee) 1,500,000 Tuckaseegee and H'iawossee 1,500,000 Broad, Saluda, and Catawba. (in South Carolina 1,000,000 Yadkin and Dan and Roanoke (in North Carolina) 1,000,000
Object
Object’s are ‘parent’ level descriptions to ‘children’ items, (e.g. a book with pages).
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This is one of two notebooks assembled by the Appalachian National Park Association that includes documents and news clipping about the organization. The Appalachian National Park Association was formed in 1899 for the purpose of promoting the idea of a national park in the eastern U.S. Although housed in Asheville, North Carolina, the organization was a multi-state effort, attracting representatives from seven southern states. One of the highlights of the group’s activities was a convention held in 1902 to which 1,500 people attended. The association lobbied Congress for the creation of a park, but with limited success. The association disbanded in 1905.
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