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Senate Bill 5228: Senator Simmon's speech
Item
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the country was 37 per cent. Since that time we all know there have been cuttings and clearings for agricultural purposes and for lumber, which has greatly reduced the amount of this percentage, and to-day it is very much less than it was in 1880. I can only make an estimate—and that estimate I make after conferring with scientists familiar with this subject—and that is at present there is certainly not over 27 per cent of the total area of land in the United States that is covered by available timber land. In many sections of the country where fifty years ago there seemed to be an abuudant supply of timber there is hardly enough left to-day to furnish firebote, woodbote, and housebote. Mr. President, I do not pretend to speak with the confidence of a full and accurate knowledge as to general conditions in this country upon this subject, but I do claim to know something about the condition in my own State. Thirty-five years ago the great long leaf and loblolly pine forest of my State had been scarcely touched. They were in primal condition; they had only been cut for the purpose of supplying the limited demand of a sparsely settled agricultural community, and the supply seemed inexhaustible. On account of the great demand for lumber and the partial failure of the supply in other parts of the country, about twenty years ago the lumberman turned his attention to the South, and since that time there has been going on in my State a process of deforestation that threatens to destroy the great pine forests of that State. The hard-wood region of my State, which is chiefly in the western and mountainous section, has been to some extent exempt from this process of denudation, because of its inaccessibility and the lack of transportation; but even in the mountain region of my State, along the railroads and streams, already much of the finest hard-wood timber has been cut, and I do not think I hazard anything in saying that, if this process continues as it has for the last two decades, in another generation, not only the pine forests, but the hard-wood forests of my State will have been robbed of all of their timber. What has been going on in my State I believe has been going on in nearly every other State of the South during the last twenty years, and what has happened there has happened heretofore in most of the States of the Union. The demand for lumber is so great that the only hope against the total destruction of the available lumber supply of the country is in the Government taking hold of this question and setting aside here and there great reservations, to be cut only when the timber is ripe, and then in limited quantities and under Government and expert supervision. Mr. President, as important as the consideration of the preservation of the timber supply of the country is, there is another consideration of national importance, of more concern even than that, and that is the effect of the destruction especially of mountain forests upon navigation. The effect of deforestation upon the regularity of water flow and the consequent navigability of streams is well known. This effect is much greater in streams in hilly and mountainous regions than in streams that have their rise and flow through coastal regions, but even in a comparatively level country the effect of deforestation upon land erosion and the regularity of the water flow is very frequently disastrous. 5333
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Early on, the Appalachian National Park Association met with legislative success. In 1900, a bill passed authorizing funds to investigate the possibility of a national park in the eastern U.S. and, in December 1901, Congress introduced a bill to purchase land. While the Appalachian National Park Association initially argued for a national park, it used the terms “national park” and “forest reserve” somewhat interchangeably. As the bill made its way through Congress, funds were earmarked for a “forest reserve” rather than a “national park.” Unfortunately, when a separate bill was re-introduced in 1902, Congress was not able to reconcile the two bills and they failed.
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