Horace Kephart (1862-1931) was a noted naturalist, woodsman, journalist, and author. In 1904, he left St. Louis and permanently moved to western North Carolina. Living and working in a cabin on Hazel Creek in Swain County, Kephart began to document life in the Great Smoky Mountains. He created 27 journals in which he made copious notes on a variety of topics. Journal 15 (previously known as Journal XXVI) includes a sportsman's calendar and information on trees and plants, birds, natural features and Cherokee place names. Click the link in the Related Materials field to view a table of contents for this journal.

• Creator
  • Kephart, Horace, 1862-1931
• Format
  • Manuscripts (documents)
• Type
  • Text
• Date
  • Date digitized: 2017-04-20
• Extent
  • Dimension: 11" x 8.5"
  • Pages: 94 pages
• Subject - Topic
  • Animals
  • Appalachian Region, Southern -- Description and travel
  • Birds
  • Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians
  • Forests and forestry
  • Hunting -- North Carolina, Western
  • Mountain plants -- Appalachian Region, Southern
  • Mountains -- North Carolina
  • Names, Geographical
  • Natural areas
  • Outdoor life
  • Plants
  • Trees
• Location
  • Swain County (N.C.)
  • Great Smoky Mountains (N.C. and Tenn.)
• Source institution
  • Western Carolina University
• Source Collection
  • Horace Kephart Collection
• Identifier
  • HL_MSS80-24_62_J15
• Repository
  • Western Carolina University Hunter Library

\ SETTING. 1 7- 0 The valu of tting is in ita human interest. r not interested in scenery till e s e it through th eyes of the characters. See landscape hen the characters see it, b blind when they are blin to it. Al aye intro uoe it as part of the drama, never as an interlude. Readers skip interludes to rush on ith the story. Scenery q~ seen ry is nothing. See oar a, Surroundings. Re 1 nature is interesting only to naturalists. Others care for it only as it stimulates their own moods and fancies. As the standard of accuracy rises, the imagination ilts. Examples of appropriate settings. Lit.l03. Moss on Hardy, Env. The strangeness of place and people gives the tale a romantic atmosphere. Characters that best express the atmosphere. Lit. 97. Nature playing the part of Fate. LWBL,V. 1 1985. Lit.99. Uw"''WI-~ :tL fcJTIU4- ~ ~. , SETTING . r . Mountain Scenery . HD . l7-19 , 25-27, 214 . ~hotos . ~ N . 37a-38b . VanD . 213~ View from SUmmit . HD .l9 , 21 , 25 , 87-88b . ~anDyke , 4 1 53 A 219- 220 . Range of Vision . HD . 3 . " · --o ;l; · "l.. , J Atmosphere . VanDyke , l , 32 . J ~. Clear . W. 2 . VanDyke , 8 , 47-62 . Shadows . N .2, 10. VanDyke , 36-46 .. :- Haze .} Cds .Mist . Rusk .90 . 1 , • Color . 2501 266 . Fog . N. 29 . VanDyke I 28 . Rusk . 90... ,~1 q 'I -lOS'. or,..tu, II 'u . . Clouds . N. 9. VanDyke , 25 , 27 , 65-8? . Sunbursts . VanD . 33 . Weather . HD . 37 , 214 . "Weather Lore ." Dawn . N. 4-5 . Cds . VanDyke , 9, 62 1 Rusk .lOl. Sunrise . N.6 . Cds . VanDyke , l21 225 . Dew . HD . 37-38 . VanDyke , 89 . Midday . VanDyke , l31 85 , 225 . 1 ~~­Sunset . N.ll . Cds . VanDyke , l5 , 841 226 .-228 . 'tiLIQt J.h-..u.~::l.A ... M<4'. Twilight . N.l2 . Cds . VanDyke , l7 1 226 . ~ 1. Gloom . .13 . Night . N. l4-15 . Cds . Darkness , Night . VanDyke , l8 , 21 . Seasons . 4to .Nat . Cal. 11 Nat . Galend . 11 11Nat . Progr . 11 "Log·of Sun. " Hot Weather . N.l7-18 . Cds . Heat . Spring. VB • . Cold Weather . N.20-22 . Cds . Cold, Winter . summer. 11 Fair Weather . Cds . Weather . Autumn . g ....... ". Bleak Weather . Cds . Weather . Wint er. 11 ltl1 1,1t ltd Calm. N. 30-31 . , .I Zephyr . N. 32 . Breeze . N. 33 . .~ _- (;.W.~.t ,~v~ · "'c~, Wind . N. 34 . Cds . N .. . Voices of Wins. Hardy, ... R.N. 52 .. 53 , 280 .J. Threatening Weather . N. 36-37 . Cds . Weather . VanDyke, 26 . Calm before a Storm . N. 35 . Rain . N. 30. Cds . VanDyke,79-81 , 90-98 . Coming Storm . N. 38 . Storm . HD . 3,.h 38, 49 , 87 . Cds . St ~mn, Wind . VanDyke , 228 . k..t ~. Squall . N. 40: Gale . N. 39 . 6ds . Wind . Thunderstorm . N.42 . Cds . VanDyke , 93 . Storm in the Forest . N. 43-43a . Storm on the Mountain. N. 43b . Hd . (above) . Tempest . N . 47-48 . Cds . Uproar . ,~. Tornado . N.49 . Subsiding Storm . Cds . Wind . Rusk . 31 . Clearing Weather . Cds .Weather . VanDyke, 98 . R~:~A·~~~~e~il . VanDyke,99-101 . Snow . VanDyke , 102-110 . Landscape . N. la , 9, 17 . Mountains in Winter . HD .27 . Balds . HD . 27 . Rooks . Cds . VanDyke , 289 . i . Precipices . Cliffs . N.39 . Rusk . 28~ 36. Caves . HD . 27 . 951 . 27 . " Sh i ni e s • 11 HD • 2 7 • "Rumbl ing Bald. 11 HD . 27 . "Brown Mt . Lights . " HD .86k-m . Clingman to Guyot . HD . 83 . "Godforsaken . " HD . 81 . Nantahala Gorge . 85 . Moore ' s Lodge . 86e. Roughs . HD . 324-32$. Cds . Rough Countr y. Trails . HD . 324 . SETTING . Gorges . N .29 . VanDyke , l68 . ftP.?J. Ravines , Gulches . N. 30. VanDyke , l67 . Rusk . l~ , 36 . Glens . Ods . Coves, Holl ows. N. 31 . Valleys . VanDyke , 159 ) 236 '-241 . Streams . HD . 49 . Cds . Photos . cataract . Rusk . 238. Waterfall s . VanDyke , l69 . Photos . Torrent . Rusk .202 . Ri vulets . N.55 . VanDyke,l73 . . 1 .. b. Brook . N.56 . VanDyke , l66-172i l78:t 239 . Rusk.235 . ~ .... ,! L,)OOC~!.­River . N .58- 64, VanDyke 1 153- 66 . .ttusk .228 . '"''•••· Ripples . N.66 . Ods . Rapid . Fl ood . N.60, 70. Cds . VanDyke,l62 . Stream Musi c . N.56 insert . Reflections in Water . Rusk . ..:u.s-_ Moor. N. 26 . Ode. Har dy , Ret . of Native , ch . i . Desert . N. 27- 27c . VanDyke, 203 . 0J:Z. , ' · ... t;~. Forest. HD. 21, 59 . Trees 4to . Hamerton .· VanDyke , 201 , 255 , 257-260. ~Tree Zones . HD . 59-60. Folia e . VanDyke , 264 -266 . / Plant Seasons . Nat . Oal . 4to . · p, "'1-.J!f'd, Big Tr ees . HD .so. Pine-l S~uoetk Balsam . Rusk . 38-39 . Conspicuous Plants . HD . 42, 6·r , 69- 70 . Burnt Woods . Ods . Woods . VanDyke , 260-262. Forest Fire . I Ani mal s . HD . 73 . Voices of the Forest • • N.56 insert . The Voices of Animals . Ods . Sounds . Bird Music . Ods . Melody . Motion of Animals . Ode . '. Insects . Insect Sounds . Hardy , RN, 254 . Reptiles . Snakes . HD . 77 . Rusk .252 . Fishes . , o'f, Mamma s . Panther . HD . 74 . Razorbacks . HD . 365-367 . Letter,HD . I . ,front . Scarcity of Animal Life . HD . 72 . '17-60~ Heavens . Sky . VanDyke, 208, 222 . Earth Shadow . VanDyke,207-208 . Sun. Moon . Stars . Rusk . l06 . Rusk .89 . The Law of the Circle . VanDyke , 209-212 . Color. Rusk .249-253 . htcl ea way.-"lYL l\L K .," Brooklyn,,N. Y.- Applied to an individual, this .t~rm de~gnat~alf stowaway or a runaway; a fug:ttive, as rom ~ • who hides himself for the purpose <?f esc~pm:ft A prisoner who escapes custodhimarJ :!d hides. hialsm~e a until he thinks all search for 1s over 1s hideawav. The term has been in use dj0;ti~~ seventy-five Y.ears. It is usked;,~S?, a~:np ahide01''~.', as "little htdeawav noo s , valleys or dales. " /. REACTION o J.rJ,. 611, I< I ,,J ----- Call of th il • Hi storical Memory. N.ls , 4, Con.lc,lg . Pleasur of "Going Back. 11 N.2c , 2h , 10, 12 . v Being a Boy Again. Buoyancy . N.lt , 2f , 7. Olesen as to ature . N. lu, 11, l t , 7. Bodily Strength. Appetite . N. lt, 2f , 7. Con . la . Delight in Vigorous Achi vern nt. .N.2a, 12 . 11 insert 202 . Pleasure of Resourcefulness . Self- r eliance . N. 2b , 2k, 21 , 1 • ..- Satisfaction of Over coming Trial and Peril . N .2b • .- Hardihood . Test of Manliness . N. l2 . Ccn . lh, l j . Novelty . Variety. N. ly . . e1 l..w •• m. ,- Mystery . Eeriness . N. lu, l . Hd .81 , 717 . Lit . l03 , 116-117e . Cd .Vanish ...- Exploration . N . lw . f/ . Adventure . Luck. Hazard . N.lw, Com .lh . _. Joy of Enthusiasm . Con . lh . I H• ,.3-11 ;t · Realizing a Dream . N.2m2, 10. Naturalness . Simplicity . N.lt , 4, 5 . Con .H.le, li. Release from Conventions . N.lz , 2o , 15 . Con . le . Elbo -room . N.l3, l n . VanDyke , 291 . Peace . Restfulness . Contentment . No Hurry . N.lt , lu, 2f . Con .la . . ~ Security . N .lu, 2n, 16 . N-Ji, 1 ·., ""'"' .rJ. " · Freedom from Care . No Worry . No Bor es . N. lz , 2m2 , 4 . Con . la . Possession without Responsibility . N. lx, 2f . Freedom from Obligations . N. l5 . Independence . Freedom of Action . N. ly, lz , 2b , 2m2 , 15, 15b . ld, lj . - Individuality . Being One ' s Self . N. l t, 4 . le . Escape from Extortions, Frauds, etc . N. lj . Escape from Squalid Sights . N~ l j . Unselfishness . Hospitality . Democracy . N.lj . Deisure for Thinking . First-band Opi nions . N.4 . le , l f . Beauty of Wild Landscapes . N.9, 17 . 1 • ~.tc>.. H·l,.S'l>,~t-.~. Sublimity . Solemnity . Puniness of Man . N. lu . Rusk .l2 . The Life Worth Living . N. ln . Pleasures of Solitude . N.l4, 14b . Rusk . 36 . Compensations for Loneliness . N. 2m , 2m2, 2o . lk, l L. - Strength and Age . HD . 31 . Rusk . 34 1 'r· -/Alertness . HD . 25 .* Silence . HD . Sl . !: Law of the Wilderness . N. 21 . Vicissitudes . N.lu, 2i, 2j , 1 insert 207 , 2, 3 , 14c . Loneliness . HD .81, 713 . ~ Gloom . Dreariness . Melancholy . N. 3, 13, .14c . W.26 . HD . 81 . ~~~. Har~, Ret . of Native , ch . i . - Horror . • 71 . - Fear . (Wind, Flood, Lightning, J (. I 1 fi I • i'TJ J.,.J~~d ' Lack of Appreciation. N.lm . Rusk .21, 24 , 26 . *How the wilQerness makes men stealthy . Hudson in J .of B., 82 : 11A watchful intentness . 1 WEATHER-- Approaching Storm. All morning there had been billo y white clouds drifting high in the sky, ~ soft airs an every indication of fair weather. But in mid-afternoon there came darker masses marshal d from the horizon in north, east and west, slowly making toward each other like armies converging from three directions. Little wisps spindrift clouds, detached like scouts, went scurrying faster, shifting hither and yon as if uncertainly seeking something. Gradually the heavy battalions drew together, merged and became denser, changing to a dull gray. The earth fell into shadow. /. Then the northwest, where the Left Prong had cut ita gap through the mountains, there came directly out of the gulf itself a dark and sullen cloud, charging down upon the valley, with curling edges of white frothing along its margin. The air chilled and the forest awoke with sound of leaves aflutter. All else was mute. Presently the dark cloud around and overhead, covering all the sky, save that in its rear now showed the dead gray of far-off driving rain and the wall of Bear Pen Ridge was blotted out of the picture. Still the heavens were hushed and there was no wind. ft. qz. CALENDAR. -January - Febru ry. I qz . SPORTSUAN t S CALENDA • - J mu , February.- Animals • • q ~. CALENDAR.- February - Marc • I TREES AND PLANTS. JANUARY. Koist Lowlands. Liver-leaf, Liverwort (Hepatica Hepatica). Blooms Dec.-May. hite or purplish. Faintly fragrant. Plant medicinal. FEBRUARY. Bogs. Swamps. Skunk Cabbage (Spathyema foetida). Feb.-Apr. Purplish brown le&f. Rank odor. Root edible baked Q£ roasted. Moist Lowlande. Silver Maple. Feb.-Apr. Dry Uplands. Winged Elm, Wahoo. Feb.-Mar. MARCH. Any Soil. Service Berry. Mar.-May. hite. Fruit edible. Silver-bell, Snowdrop Tree. Mar.-Apr. White. Moist Lowlands. Tag Alder, Black Alder. Mar.-Apr. ~medicinal. Slippery Elm. Mar.-Apr. Root-bark med. hite Elm. Mar.-Apr. Red Maple. Mar.-Apr. Water Oak. Mar.-Apr. Pa paw. Mar.-Apr. Seeds Fruit edible when frostbitten. I I Spice-bush (Benzoin Benzoin). Mar.-Apr. Lemon-yellow. Fragrant.b~~!~ls Red Choke-berry (Aronia arbutifolia). Mar.- ay. White. -· Black Choke-berry (Aronia nigra). Mar.-June. White. Smooth Storax (Styrax Amer.). Mar.-Apr. hits. Very fragrant. Large-leaved Storax (S. grandifolia). Mar.-May. White. Very fragrant. Sharp-lobed Liver-leaf (Hepatica acuta). Kar.-Apr. White or purplish. Faintly fragrant. Plant med. Spring Beauty (Claytonia Virginica) • . Mar.- y. White-veined and pink. Rue Anemone (Syndesmon thalictroides). Mar.-June. White or pink. TREES AND PLANTS. MARCH (oont.) Dry Lowlands. Hazel-nut. Mar .-Apr. Nuts edible. Sweet-leaf, ' Horse-sugar (Symplooos tinotoria). Mar.-Apr. Deep yellow. Fragrant. Used~ dye. Leaves sweet. Washington Thorn-Terataegus cordata). Dar.- y. White. •Parsley Haw (Crataegus apiifolia). Mar.-Apr. bite. Ground Ivy (Gleooma hederaoea). Mar.-May. Plant med. Samson 1 s Snakeroot (Psoralea pedunoula ta) • Mar .-July. Purplish. Root med, Buttercups & Crowfoots (Ranunculus, many species). Mar.-June. Moist Uplands. Yellow Adder's-tongue (Erythronium Amer.). Mar.-May. Yellow. Plant med. •carolina Anemone (Anemone Carolinians.). Mar.-Apr. White, blue & purple. •shortia (Shortia Galacifolia). Mar.-A~r. White. Virginia Cowslip (Mertensia Virginica). Mar.- y. Light bluish purple. Dry Uplands. •Trailing Arbutus (Epigaea repens). Mar.-Apr. White & pink. Fragrant.r,?o. v.· Long-stalked Greenbrier (Smilax Pseudo-China). Mar.-Aug. Bread-root. Queen's Delight, Queen-root (Stillingia sylvatica). Mar.-Oot. Lemon-colored. Root med. Early Saxifrage (Saxifraga Virginiensis). Mar.-May. hite. I qz · SPO TS AN 1 ...., CALENDAR .- ebruary, !arch .- Animals. qz . CALENDAR.- arch - Apr 1. I}YlM.c.l.. [U,;;,.. rr. ., XY.XYIIII .t'l.t, 2 , (h.~~. ~ ~- M<L-L. ro/., ~ p-?~ ~, qz . SPO TS AN ' s CAL 1 NDAR .- l a1 ell, April .- Animals . l Antelope .~ld bucks ander a reat de 1, nd are seen in timber lands . 1rom March 1 to Sep . l , herds of more than a ozen antelope are seldom seen . ~ -'h~ ~ .t# . - 1 AM.-. .jM-, ~- ~~ q~..!-< ~~~ ~~ tpt. ~ rrrwdir· ([) {(.4 • £Hi;;. 1 3 • -'/ (d{l;;. ~ Jf'!J ~ All;; ® e~ .J)k;: rP !LU" ~~ TREES A D PLANTS. APRIL. Any Soil. Hop Hornbeam. Apr.-Ma.y. Down of seed irritant to skin. Bogs. Swamps. Swamp Leucothoe (L. racemosa). Apr.- y. White. Golden-club (Orontium aquatioum). Apr.- y. Yellow. Seeds edible; also root hen dessicated. Swamp Pink (Helonius bullata). A~r.-May. Purple. High mt. bogs. Marsh Marigold (Caltha palustris). Apr.-June. For "greens." ~-~~~--­Sweet White Violet (Viola blanda). Apr.-May. White. Fragrant. Moist Lowlands. Black Ash. Apr.-May, before leaves. Black Birch. Apr.-May. Oil med. and for flavoring. Yellow Biroh. Apr.-May. Box Elder. Apr. 1 before leaves. Yellow-green. Buckeye. Apr.-Yay. Yellow-green. Bark med. Raw kernel poisonous. Choke Cherry. Apr.-May. White. Bark mea:- --- Crab Apple. Apr.-May. Rose-colored. Fragrant. Fruit edible 1 jelly. Dogwood. Apr.-May. White tipped with pink. Root-bark med. Hackberry. Apr.-May. Greenish. Holly. Apr.-June. Greenish-white. Bark med. Berries ~· and emetic. Hornbeam 1 Ironwood. Apr.-May. Sweet Gum1 Liquidamber. Apr.-May. Greenish. Gum med. Sugar Maple. Apr.-May. Greenish-yellow. Sugar from sap. Red Mulberry. Apr.-Ma.y. Fruit edible. Basket Oak. Apr.-May. Shingle Oak. Apr.-May. Pecan. Apr.-.Ma.Jl. Nuts edible. Wild Plum {Prunus Amer.). Apr.-May. White. Fruit edible. Prickly Ash. Apr.-May. Greenish-white. Red Bud. Apr.-May. Red and pink. Black Walnut. Apr .-May. Nuts edible. Black Willow. Apr.-May. Root med. (Disp.) Bladder-nut (Staphylea trifolia). Apr.-May. hite. Fothergillia (F. Carolina). April. Cream-white. Fragrant. Leatherwood {Diroa palustris). Apr.- ay. Bark violent emetic and Catesby's Leucothoe L. Catesbaei). Apr.-June. Creamy-white. Fragrant. irritant to ski!. *Trumpet Honeysuckle Lonicera sempervirens). Apr.-Sep. Scarlet or yellow. Fragrant. •V. Cross-vine, Tendrilled Trumpet-flower (Bignonia crucigera). Apr.-June. Orange and yellow. Used for 11tea."(Pioneers, 4to.,52.) •v. American Wistaria (Kraunhia frutescens). Apr.-May. Pale purple. Fragrant. V. Bristly Greenbrier (Smilax Bona:-nox). Apr.-July. Root for "sarsaparilla TREES AND PLANTS. APRIL (cont.) D arf Ginseng, Ground-nut (Panax trifolium). AR ~~un~~.~ edible. Blue Cohosb, Papoose (Caulophyllum al o r- es . p~~ Root med. Bloodroot (Sanguinaria Canadensis). - y. Root med. and a~ dye:-- Squaw-root (Conopholis Amer.). Apr.- u~. oot med. (Herb.,59:1 Cranesbill (Geranium maoulatum). A~r.-July. Purplish-pink. Root med. Indian Turnip, Jack-in-the-Pulpit (Arisaema triphyllum). Apr.-July. Purple-brown and green. Root edible dessicated1 acrid raw. Green Dragon, Dragon-root (Arisaema Draoontium). Apr.-June. Spathe green or hiti~h. Corm fieroly acrid. Nodding Wake-robin (Trillium oernuum). Apr.-June. Pink or white."Greens~ Sessile-flowered Wake-robin.(Trillium sessile). Apr.-May. Purplish." Wild Ginger (Asarum--4 species). Apr.-June. Purple-brown or mottled. Rootstocks flavor of ginger. Shrub Yelle -root (Xanthorrhiza apiifolia). Apr.-May. Reddish-purple. Yellow, astringent root med. and ~dye. Water Cress (Roripa Nasturtium~ Apr.-Nov. ~te. For salad. Toothwort, Crinkle-root (Dentaria diphylla)~~pr.-Nov. Root edible. Wild Geranium, Alum-root (Geranium maculatum). Apr.-July. Purplish- -pink. Astringent root med. Dry Lowlands. V. Southern De berry (Rubus trivialis). Apr.-May. White. Fruit edib~e. v. Virginia Strawberry (Fragaria Virginiana). Apr.-June. White. Edible. V. Yellow Stra berry (Duohesnea Indica). Apr.-July. bite. Edible. V. Catbrier, Con~on Greenbrier (Smilax rotundifolia). Apr.-sune. Moist Uplands. White Ash. Apr.-May, before leaves. Beech. Apr.-May. Nuts edible. Butternut. Apr.-May. Root-bark med. Nuts edible. Scarlet Thorn or Haw, Red Ha • Apr.-May. White. Disagreeable odor. •Mountain Azalea (Azalea oanesoens). Apr.-May. Rose-color to white. Very fragrant. Golden Seal (Hydrastis Canadensis). April. Greenish-white. Root med. Solomon's Seal (Polygonatum biflorum). Apr.-July. Greenish or pinkish. Root med. Young tubers for salad. Hairy Disporum~ lanuguinosum). Apr.-June. Yellow. Ill-scented Wake-robin ~Trillium erectum). Apr.-June. Reddish, or pink or white. Flower has fetid odor. Root-stalk med. •crested Dwarf Iris (Iris cristata). Apr.- y. Blue. --- *Dwarf Iris (Iris verna). Apr.-May. Blue or purple with yellow markings. Rootstock acrid ~ pungentlJ spicy. HD,I,69. *Showy Orchid (Orchis spectabilis . Apr.-June. White and purplish-pink. Root edible (Lounsberry). • ild Columbine (Aquilegia Canadensis). Apr.-July. Red and yellow or white. ~ · • ind-flower (Anemone quinquefolia). Apr.-June. Pink or blue. •Dutchman's Breeches (Bicuculla Cucullaria). Apr.-Jay. White, pink and yellow. TREES AND PLA TS. APRIL (cont.) Pink Corydalis (Capnoides sempervirens). Apr.-Sep. Rose-pink & yello Coolwort, Foam-flower (Tiarella cordifolia). Apr.-May. White. HD,I,69. Halberd-leaved Violet (Viola hastata). Apr.- y. Bright yellow. Canada Violet (Viola Canadensis). Apr.-May. White or pinkish-laven er. Fragrant. Wil~ Goll:Hilg1ne- (A.qui:H~!:a Oa:naaenl!!lie). A~r.-~ly. or . Shooting Star, American Cowslip (Dodecatheon Meadia). Apr.-May. Pink or white. Bluets, Innocence, Quaker Ladies (Houstonia coerulea). Apr.-Aug. Violet, blue or white, with yellow center. Checker-berry, Partridge Vine (Mitohella repens). White or flesh color. Fragrant. Dry Uplands. Black Haw. Apr.-June. Cream-white. (Viburnum prunifolium). Fruit Pitch Pine. Apr.- ~y. edible when frostbitten. Black Jack Oak. Apr.-May. Sassafras. Apr.-May. Root-bark aromatic, med. Wild Gooseberry (Ribes Cynosbati). Apr.-May. Green. Fruit edible. Pi~ Azalea (Azalea nudiflora). Apr.-May. Pink and white. Fragrant. Mountain Leucothoe (L. recurva). Apr.-May. White. Honey-sweet. Black HucJleberry (Gaylussacia resinosa). Apr.-June. Reddish. Edible. Red-berried Elder (Sambucus pubens). Apr.-May. Whitish. f!uit edible. Southern Black Haw (Viburnum rufotomentosum). Apr.-May. White. Sweet Fern (Comptonia peregrina). Apr.-May. Greenish. Leaves fragrant. •Yellow Honeysuckle (Lonicera flava). Apr.-May. Deep yellow. Fragrant. v. Carrion-flower (Smilax herbacea). Apr.-June. Flowers greenish, carrion-scented. v. Dewberry (Rubus Canadensis). Apr.-May. White. Fruit edible. Frost-weed (Helianthemum--3 species). April, and again June-July. Yellow. Ice-crystals form in autumn about cracked bark of root. Early Blue Violet (Viola palmata). Apr.-May, again in autumn. Dark ' purple. Bird's-foot Violet (Viola pedata). Apr.- !ay. Blue-violet. Yellow Violet, Round-leaved Violet (Viola rotundifolia). Apr.-May. Pale golden yellow. Wood Betony, ' Lousewort (Pedicularis Canadensis). Apr.-June. Magenta ana dull green-yellow. qz . SPORTSMAN'S CALE~lllAR .- April, !ay .- Animals . I . I Buff'alo .- "Cal time" of the old buffalo hunters . ( Ruxton , 3 • Audubon . ) cw0 I !ft!! I ~ ~ ,;.J.R ~Y­~' ~~~~ ~ ~. ~J ~Ak)_ ~ Red Oak. May-June • hite Oak. May-June. TREES A D PLANTS. MAY. Mistletoe (Phoradendron flavesoens). Kay-July. Notably on black gum and red maple. ( ) ~. amp Blackberry Rubus ~ • May-June "..t Fruit edible. t: .:s$ • --...;;;;.:;..~ .;;;..;;.;;:;.;;:;..=.. •Blue Flag (Iris versicolor). May-July. Violet-blue. Root med. American hit Hellebore (Veratrum viride). May-July~llowish-green. Very poisonous. Rootstock med. Green Arrow-Arum (Peltandra Virginioa). Kay-June. Spathe green. Rootstock acrid. but e)ible dessicated. Water Arum (Calla palustris • May-June. White. Rootstock aorid, but edible dess. Chewed leaves swell the tongue. Sweet Flag, Calamus-root (Aoorus Calamu~ May-July. Yellow-green. . Interior of stalk edible. Root aromatic med. Moist Lowlands. . ·Black Gum. ¥a.y- JUne. Cucumber tree. May-June. Greenish-yellow. Slippery Elm . Seeds ripe. Fringe Tree. May-June. Root-bark med. Flowers white, fragrant. -Red-heart Hickory, Bitter-nut. May-June. . ~ Shellbark Hickory. llay. Greenish-white. Nuts edible. Kentucky Coffee Tree. May-June. Raw ~of pod reputed poisonous. Honey Locust. May-July. Pods edible.Jrlowers greenish, fragrant. Mountain Magnolia. May-June. Bark med. Flowers white. Fraser's .Magnolia. Large-leaved Magnolia. May-June. White with purple-spotted centers. Silver Maple. Seeds ripe. Mountain Ash. May-June. Bark. flowers. etc., med. Flowers white. Bur Oak. May- June • Pin Oak. May-June. Swamp White Oak. May-June. Persimmon. llay-June. Greenish-yellow. Fruit edible when frostbitten. Sycamore. May. Light green tinged with red. Sheep-berry (Viburnum Lentago). May. Cream-white. Fruit edible. Black Thorn,. Pear Haw (Crata.egus tomentosa). May-June. White, fragr. Edi Cookspur Thorn. May-June. White, fragrant. Washington Thqrn • .May-June. hite, fragrant. Silky Willow (Saiix sericea.). May-June. For baskets. Oil-nut (Pyrularia pubera). May. Greenish. Strawberry-shrub (Butneria fertilis). May. Maroon. Fruit poisonous~ Sheep and cattle. Wild Sarsaparilla (Aralia nudicaulis). Kay-June. Greenish. Root aromatic. Dangle-berry (Gaylussaoia frondoea). May-June. Greenish-pink. V. Climbing Bittersweet (Celastrus scandens). May-June. Cream-white or greenish. Root med. TREES AND PLANTS. MAY (cont.) V. Poison Ivy (Rhus radicans, R.toxicodendron). May-June. Green. Contact poison. V. Riverside Grape (Vitia vulpina). May-June. V. Frost Grape (Vitia cordifolia). May-June. V. Muscadine (Vitia rotundi!olia). May. May Apple (Podophyllum peltatum). May. White. Leaves and root poisenous. Fruit edible. Nightshade (Solanum Dulcamara). May-Sep. Violet, purple. Twigs med. (Herb. ,48.) Squirrel Corn (Biouculla Canadensis). May-June. Greenish-white, purplish tinged. Root med. (Disp.) Black Snakeroot (Sinicula Marylandioa). May-July. Greenish-yellow. Root aromatic med. Green and terra cotta. Indian Cucumber-root (Medeola Virginiana). May-June.ARoot edible raw. Solomon's Seal (Polygonatum biflorum and P. gig.anteumr:-May-July. . Pale green. Young shoots for ~reens; root fround and baked. HD,I,69 ·wild Spikenard (Vagnera racemosa). May-July:-wh te. Berries aromatic. tar-flowered Solomon's Seal (Vagnera stellata). May-June. White. Large Twyblade (Leptorohis lilliifolia). May-July. Dull lilac or pinkish-brown. Great Yellow Wood-Sorrel (Oxalis grandis). May-Aug. Yellow. •Violet Wood-Sorrel (Oxalis violaoea). May-June. Violet, or white tinted with violet. Pepper-vine (Ampelopsis arborea). May-June. Greenish. Pink-root, Indian Pink (Spigelia Marylandioa). May-June. Scarlet and yellow. Dry Lowlands. Scentless Syringa (Philadelphus inodorus). May. White. Falll Indigo (Amorpha virgata). May-JUne. Purple. V. High-bush Blackberry (Rubus nigrobaccus). May-June. hite. Edible. V. Hispid Greenbrier (Smilax hispida). May-July. V. Passion-flower (Passiflora incarnata). May-July. Purple and white. Faintly fragrant. Fruit edible (Maypops, "Apricots"). Sensitive Brier (Morongia uncinata). May-Aug. Pinkish lavender. Fragrant Koist Uplands. White. Wild Black Cherry. May.ABark med. Leaves poisonous to cattle. Fruit ed. Hop Tree, Wafer Ash. May-June. Root-bark med. Greenish-white flowers. Great Laurel, Rose Bay (Rhododendron maximum). Waxy-white. Early June. Mountain Laurel (Kalmia latifolia). May-June. Pink to white. Leaves poisonous to sheep and cattle. Yellow Locust. May-June. White; fragrant. Inner bark & root somewhat poisonous. Moosewood. May-June. Yellow. Tulip Poplar. May-June. Greenish-yellow. Inner bark med. Umbrella Tree. May-June. White. Slightly odorous. White-heart Hickory, Mockernut. May-June.Nuts edible. l TREES AND PLA TS. l-LAY (cent .a>. ~. o y uc { Loni ) Y llow1 h-green 11>le. Bush Honey uo l (Di rvill Di r~illa). y-June. Y low & red. ountain Honeysuckle (Lonicera glaucescen ). May-June. Yellow, redd sh. Swamp Dogwood (Comus Amonum). y-July. White. Kinnikinick. Fetid Currant {Ribes rostratum). May-June. Greenish. Unpleasant odor. • !ountain Stuartia (Stuartia pentagyna). May-July. White. Bush Huckleberry (Gaylussacia dumosa). y-June. White, pink or red. Fruit worthl ss. Mountain Blueberry (Vaccinium pallidum). May-June. Greenish-pink. Fruit superior. Squawberry (Vacoinium stamineum). May-June. Purplish or yellowish­green. Fruit scarcely edible. Tree Huckleberry, Farkleberry (Vaccinium arboreum). May-June. White. Fruit edible. Vasey's Azalea or Rhododendron (R. vaseyi, Azalea vaseyi). May-June. Rose-pink. Not evergreen. Dwarf Laurel (Rhododendron punctatum). May-June. Rose-pink. Early May. V. Dutchman's Pipe (Aristoloohia macrophylla), May-June. Greenish and purplish-brown. V. Millspaugh's Blackberry (Rubus Canadensis). May-June. hite. Fruit ed. V. SUmmer Grape (Vitia aestivalis). May-June. Fruit edible. •v. Leather-flower (Clematis Viorna). May-July. Reddish-purple. Large Yellow Lady's Slipper (Oyprepedium hirsutum). May-July. Yellow. Root med. Indian Physic, Bowman's-root (Porteranthus trifoliatus). ay-July. hite and reddish. Root substitute for ipecac. (Disp.) Starwort, Blazing Star, Unicorn-root (Cbamaelirium lutrum). May-July. White. Plant med. (Disp. & Lounsberry.) Umbrella-leaf, Bear•s-foot (Di~hylleia cymosa). May-June. White. Bellwort (Uvularia-- 4 species). May-June. Light yellow. Root edible; shoots for greens. Yellow Clintonia (c. borealis). ay-June. Yellow. *White Clintonia (C. umbellulata). May-June. White. Fragrant. *Large-flowered Wake-robin (Trillium grandiflorum). May-June. White, then pink. For greens. Birthroot. Painted Wake-robin (Trillium undulatum). May-June. White with purple veins. Greens. Wild Bleeding-heart (Bicuculla eximia). May-Sep. Deep pink. Lettuce Saxifrage (Saxifraga micranthidifolia). May-June. hite. Eaten as "wild lettuce" ~mountaineers. Goat 1s Bear~(Aruncus Aruncus). y-July. White. Sweet Cicely (Washingtonia longistylis). May-June. White. Root spicy, anise-scented. Mountain Phlox (Phlox ovata). May-Aug. Pinkish-lavender. Water-leaf (Hydrophyllum-- 3 species). May-Aug. Yellowish-white, 2 Dark violet, 3 white to pur~lish. *Showy Skullcap (Scuteilaria serrata}. May-June. Blue. Virginia Goatsbeard (Adopogo~ Virginicum). May-Oct. Deep reddish-orange. *Running Tickseed (Coreopsis auriculata). May-Aug. Deep orange. *Pitcher-plant (Sarracenia purpurea). Uay-June. Deep purple, or crimson, ·or greenish, and yellow. HD,I,67. On thick mosses. *Mountain Meadow-rue (Thalictrum clavatum). y-June. White. HD,I,69,70. TREES AND PLANTS. MAY (cont., 3). Dry Uplands. Wild Red Cherry. May-June. White. Fruit ~· Black Oak. May-June. Chestnut Oak. May-June. Post Oak. May-June. Rock Chestnut Oak. May-June. Spanish Oak. May-June. Short-leaved Yellow Pine. May-June. Hemlock. May. Pig-nut Hickory. May-June. Bush Honeysuckle (Diervilla Diervilla). May-June. Yellow and red. Fragr. Small Yellow Honeysuckle (Lonioera dioica). May-June. Yellowish-green and purple. Fragrant. Ruellia (Ruelia strepens). May-July. Blue. Rose Acacia, Moss Locust (Robinia hispida). May-June. Pink. New Jersey Tea (Ceanothus Americanus). May-July. White. Root med. & dye. Mountain Spiraea (S. corymbosa). May-June. White. Small-fruited Haw (Crataegus spathulata). May-June. White. Large-fruited Thorn (Crataegus punotata). May. hite. "Thorn apples" ed. Pear Thorn (Crataegus tomentosa). May-June. White. • Flame Azalea (Azalea lutea). May-June. Fiery red, orange, yellow, cream. Buck-berry (Gaylussaoia ursina). May-June. Yellow or pinkish white. Fruit edible. High-bush Huckleberry (Gaylusacoia resinosa). May-June. Pink or red. Common huckleberry. Fruit edible. Maple-leaved Arrow-wood (Viburnum aoerifolium). May-June. White. V. Wild Red Raspberry (Rubus strigosus). May-July. White. Fruit edible. Fra . Senega Snakeroot (Polygala Senega). May-June. White or greenish-white. Root med. Colio-root~tar-grass (Aletris farinosa). May-July. White. Root med. Turkey-beard (Xerophyllum asphodeloides). May-July. White. • Moccasin-flower (Cyprepedium aoaule). May-June. Rosy pink and purple. Root med. Fragrant. Fire Pink-r8ilene Virginioa). May-Sep. Flaming scarlet. Cinquefoil (Potentilla-- several species). May-Sep. White. 2,Yellow. • Galax (G. aphylla). May-JUne. Cream-white. Hairy Beard-tongue (Pentstemon hirsutus). May-July. Purplish. • Scarlet Painted Cup, Indian Paint-brush (Castilleja coooinea). May-July. Scarlet and yellow. High Mountains. Black Spruce. May-June. Balsam Fir (~raser's). May. False Heather, Allegheny Menziesia (M. pilosa). May-June. Reddish purple or greenish. Mountain Heather (Dendrium buxif. proetratum). May-Oct. Pinkish white. Sand Myrtle. TREES AND SHRUBS. 1lA Y ( o on t • , 4 • ) Fetter-bush (Pieris floribunda). May. White. HD,I.,67. Hobble-bush, Dog-hobble (Viburnum alnifolium). y-June.White. Devil 1s Shoestrings. Tangle-legs. Purple Laurel (Rhododendron catawbiense). May-June. Lilac-purple. Lily-of-the-Valley (Convallaria majalia). May-June. Whit~. Fragrant. Flowers and ptant poisonous. • hite Wood Sorrel O~lis aoetosella). May-July. Pink or white with purple or magenta veinings. Yields "salt of lemons." Shamrock. Hudsonia, False Heather (Hudsonia montana). May-June. Burnt orange. qz . SPORTSHAN' S CAL NDAR .- May , June .- Animals . Antelope .- Does are dropping kids , May 15 to June 15 . TREES A D PLA TS. J!NE. Any Soil. Service Berry. Fruit ripe: red to almost violet blue. Sheep Laurel, Wicky (Kalmia angustifolia). June-July. Deep crimson, almost purple. Poisonous to ~took. Pokeweed (Phytolacca deoandra). June-Sep. White. Plant med. and poisonous when mature. Young shoots used like asparagus. Bogs. Swamps. Poison Sumac, Poison Elder (Rhus Vernix, R. venenate.). June-July. Contact poison. Button-bush, Honey-balls (Cephalanthus occidentalis). June-Aug. White. Very fragrant. interberry, Black Alder (Ilex verticillata). June-July. Swamp Rose (Rosa Carolina). June-Aug. Deep ~ink. Swamp Azalea, Swamp Honeysuckle (A. viscosa). June-JUly. White. Fragrant American Cranberry (Oxycoccus macrocarpus). June-Aug. Light pink. Fruit edible. Withe Rod, Appalachian Tea (Viburnum oassinoides). June-July. Whitish. Water Plantain (Alisma plantago-aquatioa). June-Sep. Rose-white or white. Root edible (Lounsberry). Water Hemloo~iouta maoulata). June-Aug. White. Violent poison. *Showy Lady's Slipper (Cyprepedium reginae). June-Sep. White tinted with pink, dotted with magenta. Moist Lowlands. Basswood. June-July. Yellowish-white. Fragrant. Woolly Buckthorn (Bumelia languinosa). June-July. White. Red Mulberry. Fruit ripe, June: red to dark purple. Burning Bush, Indian Arrow-wood (Euonymus Amerioanus). June. Dark purple. Meadow-sweet (Spiraea salicifolia). June-Aug. White or pinkish-white. •Tree Azalea, Fragrant Azalea (A. arborescens). June-July. White and pink. Fragrant. American Elder (Sambucus Canadensis). June-July. Whitish. Fragrant. Fruit edible. Yellow Parilla. V. MoonseedJ (Menispermum Canadense). June-July. Greeni~h-white. Root med. V. Climbing Fumitory, Mountain Fringe (Adlumia fungosaJ. June-0~--­Greenish- purple. •v. Trumpet Vine (Tacoma radioans). June-Sep. Bright scarlet & yellow. Wild Yam-root, Stone-root (Diosoorea villosa). June-JUly. Greenish­- yellow. Root med. HD,I,69. Black Snakeroot, Black Cohosh (Cimafuga racemose.). June-Aug. White, with fetid odor. Root med. Blue Vervain (Verbena. hastata). June-Sep. Purplish-blue. Plant med. • Large Purple-fringed Orchid (Habernia grandiflora). June-Aug. Bright pinkish-lavender. TREES AND SHRUBS. ' JUNE (cont.) Large Coral-root (Corallorhiza multiflora). June-Sep. Brown & purplish. Dry Lowlands. White Pine. June. Staghorn Sumac •• June. Greenish-yellow. Dwarf Sumac. June-Aug. Green. Wintergreen, Checkerberry (Gaultheria prooumbens). June-Sep. Waxy white. Virginia Snakeroot (Aristoloohia Serpentaria). June-July. Root med. •Wild Indigo (Baptisia tinotoria). June-Sep. Bright yellow. Root­- bark med. and as dye. Round-leaved Wintergreen (Pyrola rotundifolia). June-July. White. Very fragrant. ,Plant med. c .._ ~· . . ' /...- . /.. ~. ~~~~? Butterfly Pea (Clitoria Mariana). June-July. Pale lavender. Fragrant. Evening Primrose (bnagra biennia). June-Sep. Yellow. Fragrant. Roots and young sprigs edible. Jimson-weed-nDatura Stramonium). June-Sep. White or purplish. Fetid odor. Ked. and poisonous. Fool's Parsley (AEthusa Cynapium). June-Sep. Poisonous. Indian Hemp (Apocynum oannabinum). June-Aug. Greenish-white. Inner bark for cordage. Moist Uplands. Chestnut. June-July. ·Nuts edible. Chinquapin. June. Nuts edible. Great Laurel, Rose Bay (Rhododendron maximum). Early June. Waxy-white with yellow or orange spots. Chickasaw Plum. Fruit ripe, June-July. •Yellow-wood. June. White, fragrant. More abundant sap than any other tre Wild Hydrangea (H. arborescens). June-July. White. Ninebark (Opulaster opulifolius). June. White or purplish. (Downy Hydrangea also called "Ninebark.") Virginia Spiraea (S. Virginiana). June. White. Rare. Bearberry, Southern Mountain Cranberry (Oxyooccus erythrocarpus). June-July. Pale rose. Fruit worthless. -July. American Ipecac (Porteranthus stipulatus). June-July. White or pink tinted. EQ2i substitute for ipecac. (Disp.) Os\vego Tea, fl(ountain Mint, "Red Horsemint" (Monarda didyma). June­Sap. Red and scarlet. Angelico, Nondo (Ligusticum Canadense). June-Aug. White. Root aromatic med. (Disp.) Cf. Pubescent Angelica--July-Aug. Culver's-root (Leptandra Virginica). June-Sap. White or blueish. Root med. Wild Yerrow1~1ly (Lilium Canadense). June-July. Yel1ow or red, spotted with rich brown. •Wild Monkshood (Aconitum unicinatum). June-Sep. Purplish-blue. Root poisonous. HD,I,67. TREES AND PLA TS. JUNE (cont.,a). Tall Anemone, Thimble-w d (Anemone Virginiana). June-Aug. Greenish-whi False Goat's Beard (Astilbe biternata). June. Cream- hite. Indian Pipe ( onotro uniflcra). June-Aug. hite. Dry Uplands. Dewberries ripe; black. • Downy Hydrangea, " ine-bark"(H. radiata). June-July. White. Bark med. •v. Purple-flowering Raspberry (Rubus odoratus). Purplish-pink. Fragrant. Fruit acid, edible. Often in bloom and fruit at same time. V. Common Dewberry (Rubus villcsus, see Lounsberry). June-July. White. Fruit edible. Wild Bergamot (Monarda fistulosa). June-Sep. Pinkish-lavender. Fragrant; spicy, pungent. Plant med. Wild Red Lily, Wood Lily (Lilium Philadelphicum). June-July. Reddish­- orange, purple spotted below. Tall Hairy Agrimony (Agrimonia hirsuta). June-Aug. Orange-yellow. Odor like apricots. Used as tea substitute. Panicled Bellflower (Campanula~ii&rioata). June-Sep. Blue. qz. CALENnAR .- June - JUly. qz. SPORTS N'S CALENDAR .- June , JUly .- Animals . Antelon~ .-By b ginning or summer , young bucks nnd does rejo n old does nd kids . TREES AND PLANTS. JULY. Bogs. Swamps. Hardhack, Steeple-bush (Spiraea tomentosa). July-Sep. Peach-blow pink. Swamp Haw, Shawnee Haw (Viburnum nudum). July-Aug. White. Bark med. Running S amp Blackberry (Rubus hispidus). Fruit ripe. Broad-leaved Arrow-head (Sagittaria latifolia). July-Sep. White. Root bitter raw. but excellent boiled with meat. *Wild Senna (Cassia Marylandica). July-Aug. Deep yellow. Moist Lowlands. Hercules Club, Angelica Tree. July-Aug. White. Bark and leaves med. Choke Cherry. Fruit ripens; less astringent in autumn. Hazel-nuts ripe. V. Virginia Creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia). July. •v. Virgin's Bower (Clematis Virginiana). July-Aug. White. Slightly fragrant. Swells lipj and mouth if chewed. •v. Ground-nut (Apios Apios, • tuberosa):-July-Sep. Dull purple. Fragrant as violets. Tubers edible. Stem with milky juice. V. Climbing Hemp-weed (Willughbaea scandena). July-Sep. White or pink. V. Riverside Grape. Fruit ripe. July-Sep. Ginseng (Panax quinquefolium). July-Aug. Greenish. Root pseudo-med. Leaves make pleasant "tea." Horae-balm, Rich-weed (Collinsonia Canadensis). July-Oct. Light yellow, lemon-scented. Root med. HD,I,69. Great Lobelia (Lobelia syphilitica). July-Oct. Bright pale-blue. Plant med. Poisonous(?). Boneset (E~patorium perfoliatum). July-Sep. Greenish-white. Plant med. *Yeliow~fringed Orchid (Habenaria ciliaris). July-Aug. Orange. •Touch-me-not, Jewel-weed (Impatiens biflora). July-Oct. Orange­- yellow spotted with reddish-brown. Tall Larkspur (Delphinium urceolatum). July-Aug. Poisonous. •cardinal Flower (Lobelia cardinalia). July-Sep. Deep red. Used~ dye. Tall Iron-weed (VeRnia gigantea). July-Sep. Magenta. May Apple. Fruit ripe; yellowish. Dry Lowlands. Dwarf Sumac. In fruit; bright red. July-Sep. Wild Strawberries ripe. July. St.Andrew 1 a Cross (Ascyrum hypericoides). July-Aug. Yellow. Shrubby St.John's-wort (Hypericum prolificum). July-Sep. Deep yellow. V. High Bush Blackberry. Fruit ripe. V. ild Bean (Phaaeolus polystachyus). July-Sep. Purple. I TREE AND PLA TS. JULY (cont.) Indian Tobacco, Lobelia (Lobelia inflata). July-Nov. Light blue. Plant med. Emetic and poisonous. Pennyroyal (Hedeoma pulegioides). July-Sep. Pale purple. Foliage fragrant. Plant me . Horse Mint (Ko rda punotata). July-Aug. Purple or white-tinte bracts and yellowish corollas spotted ith purple or crimson. Plant med. Gall-of-the-Earth, Lion's Foot ( abalus serpentarius). July-Oct. Crea -color or yello ish. •carolina Lily (Lilium Carolinianum). Aug. Intense orange-red with purple spots. Large Sensitive Plant, Partridge Pea (Cassia Chamaeorista). July-Sep. Yello , often purple spotted. Black Nightshade (Solanum nigrum). July-Oct. bite. Poisonous. HD,I,69. Sweet Goldenrod, Blue Mountain Tea (Solidago odora). July-Sep. Yellow. Bruised leaves anise-scented. Used for "tea." Moist Uplands. Wild Black Cherry. Fruit ripe, July-Sep. Through red to black. Hop Hornbeam. Nut ripe, July-Sep. Blueberries and Huckleberries ripe. Coral-berry (Symphoricarpos S.). July. Pinkish. Root med. "Craley." Canadian St.John's-wort (Hypericum Canadense). July-Sep. Yellow. Stenanthium (S.robustum & S.g~ineum). July-Sep. White and greenish; 2, under siae tipped with deep wine color. Sweetly fragrant. *Turk's-cap Lily (Lilium superbum). July-Aug. Deep orange. Kidney-leaved Grass-of-Parnassus (Parnassia asarifolia}. July-Sep. White, veined with green. Trailing Wolfsbane (Aconitum reolinatum). July-Aug. Greenish-yellow or white. Root poisonous. *Lyon's Turtle-head (Chelone Lyoni). July-Oct. From waxy-white to rose-purple. Snake-head, Turtle-head, Balmony (Chelone glabra). July-Sep. Waxy­- white, sometimes pink. Plant med. *Tall Bellflower (Campanula Americana~ July-Sep. Sky-blue or white. Maiden-hair Fern (Adiantum pedatum). July-Aug. Bracken (Pteris aquilina). July-Sep. Dry Uplands. ild Red Cherry. Fruit ripe, July. Light red. Buckberries ripe. July. ild Gooseberries ripe. July-Aug. Wild Raspberries ripe. July-Aug. Mountain Sweet Pepper-bush (Clethra acuminata). July-Aug. White. Fragr. Mountain St.John's-wort (Hypericum prolificum). July-Sep. Deep yellow. Pubescent Angelica (A. villosa). July-Aug. White. Root aromatic med. Downy Rattlesnake Plantain (Peramium ~ubescens). July-Aug. Green-white. Downy False Foxglove (Dasystoma flava). July-Aug. Pale yellow·. TREE AND PLA T S. JULY (cont,2). Silver-rod, White Goldenrod (Solidago bioolor). July-Sep. Silver- hite. Stiff Aster, Savory-leaved or "Evergreen" Aster (Ionactie linarii­folia). July-Oct. Violet; rarely hite. Crisped Bunch-flower (Melanthium latifolium). July-Aug. Yellowish or greenish-white. Fragrant. High Mountains. Buckley's Honeysuckle (Diervilla eeeeifolia). July-Sep. Greenish­yellow. Foliage red-flecked, turning to ruddy bronze & red. Asa Gray's Lily (Lilium Grayi). JUly-Aug. Orange-red, spotted, or tinged with yellow at base. .... qz · SPORTSMAN'S ALEN AR .- July, August .- Animals . TREES AND PLA TS. AUGUST. Any Soil. Poke Berries ripe. Aug.-Oct. Stiff Gentian, Ague- eed (Gentiana quinquefolia). Aug.-Oct. Deep blue and white. Plant med. Moist Lowlands. Wild Yellow (Red) Plum. Fruit ripe, Aug.-Oct. Yellow or reddish. Hornbeam, Ironwood. Nut ripe. Aug.-Sap. Elderberry. Fruit ripe. Purplish or almost black. Oil-nut. ''Nut ' ripe. Aug.-Sap. Strawberry Shrub (Butneria fertilis). Fruit ripe. Aug. Spicebush. Berries ripe. Aug.-Sap. Shining red. V. Fox Grape. Fruit ripe. Aug.-Sep. Brownish purple. V. Muscadine. Fruit ripe. Aug.-Sap. Purple. •Nodding Pogonia (P. trianthophora). Aug.-Sep. White. Tuberous root like peanut, white and almost transparent. •Nodding Lady's Tresses (Gyrostachys cernua). Aug.-Oct. White or yellowish. Fragrant. Soapwort Gentian, Samson's Snakeroot (Gentians. Saponaria). Aug.­Oct. Bright blue. Plant med. Joe Pye Weed, Trumpet-weed (Eupatorium purpureum). Aug.-Sep. Pinkish crimson. Plant med. Dry Lowlands. False Indigo (Amorpha virgata). Fruit ripe: a pod. Aug.-Sep. V. Bristly Greenbrier (Smilax hispida). Berries ripe. Aug.-Sep. Blue-black, like grapes. Dittany, Stone Mint (Cunila originoides). Aug.-Sep. Purple-pink. Very aromatic. Used for "tea." Rattlesnake-root, Wild Lettuce-tiabalus albus). A~.-Sep. Greenish or yellowish-white. Fragrant. For snakebite (see Disp.). •Handsome Blazing-star (Lacinaria elegans). Aug.-Oct. Pinkish lavender. Button Snakeroot (Lacinaria scariosa). Aug.-Sep. Bluish-purple. For snakebite. Maryland Golden Aster (Chrysopsis Mariana). Aug.-Sap. Golden yellow. Moist Uplands. White Ash. Samaras. Aug.-Sap. Yellow-wood. Seeds ripe. Aug.-Sap. Millspaugh's Blackberry (Rubus Canadensis). Ripe fruit. ("IAost delightfully flavored of all wild blackberries." Lounsberry.) V.Wild Pea-vine (Falcata comosa). Aug.-Sep. HD,I,S7. TREES AND PLA TS. AUGUST (cont.) Curtis' Angelica (A. Curtisii). Aug.-Sep. hite. Root aromatic med. Yellow Clintonia (C. borealis). Berries ripe; blue. hits Clintonia (c. umbellulata). Berries ripe; black. Beech-drops (Leptamnium Virginianum). Aug.-Oct. Purple & white, striped. Mountain Goldenrod (Solidago glomerata). Aug.-Oct. Deep yellow. Blue-stemmed Goldenrod (Solidago caesia). Aug.-Oct. Yellow. Club Moss, Ground Pine (Lycopodium, several species). Aug.-Oct. Dry Uplands. Southern Black Ha (Viburnum rufotomentosum). Fruit ripe; blue, with a bloom. Purple-flowering Raspberry (Rubus odoratus). Fruit ripe; red. "Scarcely edible," B.& B. "Delioious," Lounsberry. "Acid," Peterson. Hoary Mountain-mint (Koellia incana). Aug.-Oct. Purplish-lavender or white. Pungently fragrant. Plant med. Downy Goldenrod (Solidago puberula). Aug.-Sep. Yellow.· !. • ~ {. (l • ~ ...... :.. { Higli Mountains. High-mountain Goldenrod (Solidago glomerata). Aug.-Oot. Deep yellow. qz . CALEN AR.- August - September. ~..wf. U. ;_ (Ji; d., )<XXVII, )fl, qz . SPORTSMAN'S CAL NDAR .- August, S pt mb 1 .- Animals . Antelope .- ucks and does reassemble by Sep .l in great bands . ucks "run" bout s x eka, and hav equent om ats . , TREE AND PLA T S. SEPTEMBER. Bogs, Swamps. American Cranberry. Fruit ripe. Sep.-Oot. Poison Sumac. Berries greenish-white. Sep. Moist Lowlands. Black Ash. Samaras, "keys. 11 Sep. Basswood. Seeds ripe. Sep.-Oct. Buckeye. Nuts ripe. Sep. Crab Apple. Fruit ripe. Sep.-Oct. Cucumber Tree. Fruit ripe. Sep.-Oot. Pink with red see s. Dogwood. Berries ripe. Sep.-Oot. Bright red. Fringe Tree. Fruit ripe. Sep. Purple. Hackberry. Berries ripe. Sep.-Oot. Very sweet. Dark purple. Kentucky Coffee Tree. Pod ripe. Sep.-Oot. Reddish-brown. Sweet Gum. Balls ripe. Sep. Honey Locust. Pods ripe. Sep.-Oct. Red Maple. Seeds ripe. Sep. Sugar Maple. Seeds ripe. Sep. Mountain Ash. Berries ripe. Sep.-Oct. Bright red. Basket Oak, Pin Oak, Shingle Oak, Swamp White Oak, Water Oak. Acorns ripe. Sep.-Oot. Pawpaw. Fruit ripe. Sep.-Oct. Yellowish-green. Peoan. Nuts ripe. Sep.-Oot. Persimmon. Fruit ripe. Sep.-Nov. Cookspur Thorn. Fruit ripe. Sep.-Oot. Red. Washington Thorn. Fruit ripe. Sep.-Oot. Bright red. Large-fruited Thorn. Fruit ripe. Sep.-Oct. Red or yellow. Black Gum. Berries ripe. Sep.-Oot. Dark blue. Acid. Witch Hazel. Blooms Sep.-Nov. Bright yellow. Capsule from previous year ripe in Nov. Burning Bush, Arrow-wood. Fruit ripe. Sep.-Oct. 3 or 4-lobed, purple. American Elder. Fruit ripe. Sep.-Oct. Purplish, almost black. American Spikenard, Spignet. Berries ripe; dark purple or reddish-brown. Sep .-Oct. V. Climbing Bittersweet. Berries ripe; orange, scarlet within. Sep.-Nov. V. Poison Ivy. Berries ripe; pale brown or whitish. Sep.-Oct. V. Wild Yam-root. Capsules ripe; yellowish-green, winged. Sep. •Fringed Gentian, Blue Gentian (Gentiana crinita). Sep.-Oct. Brilliant blue, occasionally white. Root med. Soapwort Gentian, Samson's Snakeroot-rGentiana saponaria). Sep.-Oct. Bright blue. Root med. Striped Gentian, Samson's Snakeroot (Gentiana villosa). Sep.-Oct. Greenish-white, striped inside with purple. Root med. May Apple. Fruit ripe; yellowish. Root med., poisonous. Sep.-Oct. Indian Turnip. Berries green but conspicuous by Sep.l; red Sep.-Oct. (B.& B. say June-July.) HD,I,69. Solomon's Seal. Berries ripe; green, striped. Sep.-Oct. HD,I,69. TREES AND PLA T • SEPTEMBER (cont.) Clintoni (C. borealis). Berries ripe; blue. Sep.-Oct. Clintonia (C. umbellata). Berries ripe; black. Sep.-Oct. ild Spikenard. Berries ripe; pale red speckled with purple. Aromatic. Late Sep.-Oct. Star-flowere Solomon's Seal. Berries ripe; green and striped, then dull red. Sep.-Oct. adding Wake-robin. Berry ripe; red-purple. Sep.-Oct. Sessile-flowered ake-robin. Berry ripe; red. Sep.-Oct. Pepper-vine. Berries ripe; black. Sep.-Oct. Indian Cucumber. Berries ripe; dark purple. Sep.-Oct. HD,I.69. Dry Lowlands. White Pine. Cones ripe. Sep. Staghorn Sumac. Fruit ripe; red. Sep.-Oct. Trumpet Honeysuckle. Berries ripe; scarlet. Sep.-Oct. Moist Uplands. Beech. Nuts ripe. Sep.-Oct. Chestnut. Nuts ripe. Sep.-Oct. Chinquapin. Nuts ripe. Sep. Yellow Locust. Pods ripe. Sep.-Oct. Moosewood. Seeds ripe. Sep.-Oct. Scarlet Thorn, Red Haw. Fruit ripe; bright red. Sep.-Oct. Tulip Poplar. Cones ripe; light brown. Late Sep.-Oct. Umbrella Tree. Fruit ripe; bright rose-colored. Sep.-Oct. Bearberry, So. Mt. Cranberry. Fruit ripe; red. Sep. V. Summer Grape. Fruit ripe; dark blue or black. Sep. Stiff Gentian, Ague-weed.(Gentiana quinquefolia). Sep.-Oct. Deep blue and white. Root med. Blue Cohosh. Berries ripe; blue. Sep.-Oct. Umbrella-leaf, Bear's-foot. Berries ripe; blue. Sep.-Oct. HD,I,69. Ill-scented Wake-robin. Berry ripe; dark red. Sep.-Oct. Dry Uplands. Black Haw. Fruit ripe; dark blue, nearly black. Sep. Scarlet Oak, Spanish Oak. Acorns ripe. Sassafras. Berries ripe; dark blue. Sap. Sourwood. Capsules ripe. Leaves turn. Sep. Red-berried Elder. Berries ripe; red. Sep.-Oct. Maple-leaved Viburnum. Berries ripe; black. Sep.-Oot. V. Carrion-flower. Berries ripe; bluish-black. HDLI,69. V. Yellow Honeysuckle. Berries ripe; orange-red. ~ep. Small Honeysuckle. Berries ripe; red. Sep.-Oot. Curtis' Aster (Aster Curtisii). Sep. Violet-blue. HD,I,69. qz . SPORTS AN ' S CAI1 NDAR .- September , October .- Animals . Antelope .- HUnting season b eins in September . Hickory. Nuts ripe. Red Oak. Acorns ripe. TREES AND PLA TS. OCTOBER. Various Soils. Moist Lowlands. Black Walnut. Nuts ripe. Nanny Berry (Viburnum lentago). Fruit ripe; dark blue or black. Oct. V. Virginia Creeper. Berries ripe; cadet· blue. Oot. V. Frost Grape. Fruit ripe; black. Oot.-Nov. Sycamore. Buttons ripe. Oot.- ov. lloist Uplands. Butternut. Nuts ripe. Checkerberry. Berries ripe; red, aromatic. Oot.-Nov. Dry Uplands. Chestnut Oak. Acorns ripe. Rook Chestnut Oak. Acorns ripe. High Mountains. Black Spruce. Cones ripe. NOVEMBER. Dry Lowlands. v. Lance-leaved Greenbrier (Smilax lanoeolata). Berrie• ripe; bright red. DECEMBER. Moist Lowlands. Liver-leaf, Liverwort (Hepatica Hepatica). Blooms Deo.-Ka.y. Blue, purple or white. qz . SPORTSMAN 'S CAL 1 NDAR .- October , Novemb r .- Animal • ~. - ~ ~~L-~~~~~~~~ ; qz. DA .-November, e ember .- Animals . qz. SPORTS .Ai 'S CALEN AR- December , J nuary .- Animals . ----~------------------------------·-------------------- BIRDS OF THE MOUNTAI S. Summer . Blu Heron . 98 . . 252 . Green Heron. Shitepoke . 104. W. 253 . Woodcock. 124 . . 236 . Bob-white . Quail . 152 . . 227 . Ruffed Grouse . Pheasant . 153 . . 229 . ild Turkey . 154 . Mcilhenny . Mourning Dove . 157 . W. 226 . Turkey Buzzard . 160·. Chicken Hawk . 165 . .217 . Red-shouldered Hawk . 168 . W.219 . Golden Eagae . 170. Sparrow Hawk . 174 . . 222 . Hoot Owl . 180. W.212 . Screech Owl . 181 . W.2ll . Great Horned Owl . 182 . W.212 . Yellow-billed Cuckoo . Rain-crow . 185 . W.202 . Kingfisher . 187 . .204 . Hairy Woodpecker . 189 . W. l96 . Downy Woodpecker . 190. W. l98 . Sapsucker . 191 . W.l98 . Pileated Woodpecker . "Woodcock . " 193 . Yellowhammer . 195 . w. 200. Whip-poor-will . 198 . W.l90 . Nighthawk . "Bullbat . " 199 . W.l91 . Hummingbird . 201 . W.l94 . Kingbird . 203 . W. l82 . Crested Flycatcher . 204 . W.l84. Phoebe . "Pewee . " 205 . W.l85 . Wood Pewe~. 206 . W. l86 . Acadian Flycatcher . 208. W.l88. ("Chup,"thickets . ) Blue Jay . 213 . W. l77 . Raven . 213 . Crow. 215 . Baltimore Oriole . 223 . W.l72 . Crossbill . 229. W.l37 . Goldfinch. "Wild Canary . 11 230. W. 140 . Vesper Sparrow . 234 . W.l45 . Chipping Sparrow.244 . W. l53 . Field Sparrow . 245 . W. l54 . Song Sparrow . 248 . W. l56 . Junco . "Snowbird . " 246 . W .155 . Towhee . "Joree . 11 251 . W. l60 . Cardinal . "Redbird . " 252 . W. l61 . Rose-breasted Grosbeak . 253 . W.l62 . Indigo Bunting. 255 . W. l64 . Scarlet Tanager . 257 . W.l31 . Rough-winged Swallow . 263 . . 131 . Cedar Waxwing . 264. W. l24. Red-eyed Vireo . 268 . W. ll6 . Yellow-throated Vireo . 269 . W. ll9 . Mountain Vireo. 271 . hite-eyed Vireo . 272 . W. l21. Blac -and White Warbler. 273 . W.88 . Parula arbler . 281 . .93 . Cairns's arbler . 285 . High mts. " " High mts . Thickets . Chestnut-sided arb1er. 289 . .98 . Blackburnian Warbler. 291. . 102 . Yellow-throated a r bler. 2.12 . Black- throated Green arb1er . 294 . .102 . Pine arbler . 295 . .103 . Oven Bird . 299 . .106. Louisiana Water Thrush. 300 . W. l07 . Kentucky Warbler. 302 . Maryland Yellow- throat . 303 . . 110 . Yellow-br easted Chat. 304 . W.ll2 . Hooded Warbler. 305 . W. ll3 . Canada War bler . 307 . W.114 . Catbird . 310 . W. 78 . Brown Thrasher . 311 . W.80 . Carolina Wren . 313 . W. 82 . Bewick ' s Wren . 314 . Brown Creeper. 319 . W. 75 . White-breasted Nuthatch . 321 . W. 73 . Red-breasted Nuthatch . 322 . W. 74 . Tufted Titmouse . 324 . W. 71 . Chickadee . 325 . W. 72 . Carolina Chickadee . "Tomtit . " 325 . Golden-crowned Kinglet . 326 . W. 68 . Blue-gray Gna"tca tcher. .328 . Wood Thrush. 329 . W .57 • . ~· ·~" Veery . 330 . W.58 . Robin . 333 . W.64 . Bluebird . 334 . W. 66 . High mts . High mta . High mta . High mts . Opoea • N.408 . Deer . 34 . N. 456 . Cottont il Rabbit . 75 . N. 492 . Jumpin~ ouse . 102 . N.496 . Cooper a Lemming ouse . 107 . Field Mouse . Meadow ouse . 112 . N.505 . Pine Mouse . 119 . N.508 . Muskrat . 121 . N.513 . White-footed Mouse . 131 . N.521 . House ouse. 138 . N.529 . Brown Rat . Nor ay Rat . 142 . N.525 . Alleghany ood Rat 127 . N.516 . Woodchuck . Groundhog . 151 . N.533 . Chipmunk . Ground-squirrel . 162 . N.549 . Fox Squirrel . 168 . N.56l . Gray Squirrel . 170 . N.560 . Red Squirrel . "Boomer •11 172 . N .556 . Flying Squirrel . 176 . N. 568 . Short-tailed Shrew . 180 . N.593 . Common Shrew. 184 . N.591 . Common Mole . l88 .N.575. Star-nosed Mole . 190 . N.589 . Little Bro n Bat . 196 . Large Brown Bat . 200 . Silver-haired Bat . 202 . Red Bat . 203 . N.596 . Hoary B t . 204 . N.598 . Otter . 219 . N. 445 . Skunk . 224 . N.580. Little Stri~ed Skunk . "Civet Cat." 230. N. 577 . Mink . 231 . N.575 . North Carolina eaael . 236,239 . Raccoon. 247 . N.408 . Black Bear . 257 . N.437 . Wright . Whelen. Red Fox . 264 . N.416 . Gray Fox. 275 . N.417 . *Gray Wolf . 277 . N.42l . Wildcat . Bobcat . 284 . N.409 . Canada Lynx . 286 . N.409 . •cougar. Panther . 288 . N. 412 . ' THE HIGH OKIES: A Moonshine Still-house at Night. "I mind the time hen my pap made liquor jist u the branch back o• ournses house and less'n a quarter from the public road. But now things has got so's I ve obleege to spen~ three hour a trip, worryin' my way to sich a fur-off nter-den of a plac as this! Got to reek my mule's life as fur as he ~go, then break my own back kerryin' meal through blo -do ns and laurel, and •round rock-clifts, and over ali y shale, whar there ain't no trail a-tall." "Ye-e-s," drawled -- , "but your pap never got more 'n tw·o-three dollars a gallon. You • re gi tting t enty." "Twenty, your granny!" exclaimed---, startled at the other' shre as. "You know blame well the bootleggers git only twelve, delivered in town." "Yeah," answered --- casually. "Twelve for sugar-liquor that eats up a man's stummick-linin' and shatters his narves; but this we're makin' is the rael old stuff-- pure co~n and double stilled-- the sort that makes a feller hug his other-in-law and sing same. Any rich man'll ~~ twenty a gallon for liquor he can drink till he's tipsy,and wake up next mornin' with a olean taste in his mouth and rarin 1 for ham and aigs." " ell, hit's uth ever• cent of 't, and more, too," aver d --- defensively. "Prohibition has made us a grand market, all right; but damn the inconvenyunce of this baok-packin'!" "Huh~ Weuns is safe back hyur from the officers, anyhow. Who but us would be fool enough to scramble away up hyur? Not till bear-huntin' time sets in-- and then hit's too cold for stillin'." "Well, if a spy did saroh us out, I believe I'd fight for my rights and bury the corp'-- owin' to all the hard work I've had, gittin' established hyur." · (The sullen one:) "I know damn well !. would. hen the Governor sent me home Christmas, on payrole, he told me to stay till I'd seed all my folks. That was thirteen year ago, and I ain't met them all yit ome o' them had died.' The rock-hunter stumbles on them. allace, the outlaw. Tne inquisition. "Feller, I klim and I klim till I could might' nigh shake bands with the moon. 11 • THE SILE T FOREST. Midafternoon.-- Somewher back in the inscrutable thicket there was a rustle of mice or ground-squirrels overturning leaves. Abruptly it stopped, as if in hushed attention to some obtruding scent of fo or shadow of a bird of prey . Profound silence followed, minute after anxious minute, as though all creatures in the woods were listening, some tense with dread, some avid ith predaceous gr ed. Now and again a soft sigh came from the tree tops or a murmur of ater flowing under­ground, but all living things ere silent until at last their strained ears ere soothed by a mourning-dove cooing low • vee .-- 315, 333, In gr nite . HD, l, 27 . The Under or1d .-- 240 . Subterranean stream .-- 474-475 . Petrog1yphs .-- 418 . The Mounds .-- 395 . Darkening 1 nd .-- Index . T 11ight Land .-- 435, 437, 65 . HIGH RIDGES . Indi n Creek Divid in July, 127 . Left Pullback 9:45 a .m. Arr . Deep Gap 1:20. R turn .-- Deep Gap . 2: 00 p .m. Profusion of herbs and shrubs , Orchids, Wild Spikenard, Clintonia, Solomon ' s Seal . Trail noisy from overhanging shrubs and carpet of dead leaves . Few outcrops of rook. Thirst after lunch; no water . Think of snakes , sprained ankle . High Knob (4) . Long Ridge . Gap . Lunched here, 12 : 45 . Drained canteen. Funnel of flame i th bark. Rough detours around fallen trees . Off trail, a mile an hour . High Knob (3). Hickory . Yellow Locust . Mushrooms . Indian Pipes . Gap . High Knob (2) . Black Pines . Chestnut Oak . Red Oak . Chestnut . Small Red Maple and sourwood . Tufted Titmouse very tame and inquisitive; perched within 5 ft . of my head . Cha--cha--cha--- Cluck. Undergrowth: Huckleberry, Fern, Wild Indigo, Greenbri r, tree seedlings, small Rhododendron, Sassafras, Galax . Vast gulfs at head of Deep Creek. Few lookouts owing to density of foliage. Steep descent to gap . Gap . Wildcat skeleton . Ridge. Long descent to gap . Gap . Long Ridge . Gap . Short Ridge • Gap . Hi gh Knob (1) . Trail fork to Indian Creek . Steep and brushy descent to gap . Lone Pine Gap. Ridge . Very steep descent to gap . Gap . Ridge . Pullback . Bryson Place . Very thirsty. 2: 35 . 2: 45 . 2:50 . 2:54 3: 07 3 :19 3: 22 3:29 3: 31 3:44 3 :50 3:58 /'£.,.-- ~ ~~ .,_. tw.: - d ~ t:i"( --., Jb:J ~·,.,.,. ~ • .fwl:--- .. ·f. ·····~ -....:.. ~ NAM • ·- Local. -)-AIID~ ·I ~· 1 l'f. 'The names given to to s and treams have no su estion of England and Chaucer about t1em. !hey are undis isedly home-made. itne such nrunes as •stand-around,• •Hone-suoh,• •Quality Valley,• • Fair Play, • • quabble Creek., • • tinl~in Creek, • • Jl'i tine creek, • •Lost Creek,• •Pigeon Roost,• •Troublesome creek,• •Hog kin reek,• , •Bullskin creek,• •Greasy Cree~,• •cuts~ini• •Hell-f r-sartin.•• ,., ( in Journ. of Amer ocio ogy, July, 1901.) J..l~/.!... B i v t ese: •uo 'or3e creek," "Defeated. Creek, • "In one nart of the country it is ossible for one to enter •Hell fur aTtain•, and ~et out at • 1n~dom Come•. N~ar by, strange to s y, there are the liquid impersone.tions o &.tan, •Upper Devil• and •LO'er Devil•.• (James Lan Allen in Harr>er• s Man-azine, Jrme, 1 86. ) (N.c.)- 'Churn-head•, "Short-off", 11lnouder-stack". '.JJl Hames transferred trom the Old World there are practical­ly none. No olaaeioal names, aave a half dozen introduced by "furrinere:" Caesar's Head, Valle Cruoeal Pandora, Jupiter 1 .. , 11dc.. Notable faucity ot biblical names. !n Madison Co., H.c., is Kare Hill •Paul stood upon Kars Hill"): also the settleme~~ ot Bible, not far tram Sodam Mountain. A large proportion of looal names are taken from those of early settlers. . . Aaide from these, the local names almost invariably mean samethi:f: they are desoriptive,~o~orate inoidenta an!1i are usua ly picturesque, quaint,A pprobrious, or sardonically humorous; aomet~ea poetic, ott ner ill-sounding' rarely sentimental, save in the valleys. c~ u $'*'"-. ,.,_; .,4, ~·'""*'".t J4,q,...,t.. .. r Jlt ~· "Dratts" are peculiar to Virginia and Kentucky. "Glades" are oommon in Kentucky and West Virsinia, but rare to the southward. "Runs" are contined, chiefly, to Vi!"§~a, ~est Va. , ,.., .. __ .. and X:entuc~. "~"..- ....t--.... --=-- -.RZ' ~. "1(... ~ '2-~ t~te.r.-. "Cov s and "balds" are frequent in Horth Carolina~and . Tennessee, a few are found south of these States, but none, I believe, northward. ~rooks" are singularly absent in the southern mountains (I know 9t but two or three), being known as "branches•, runs", "forks", or "prongs" (Church Brook, Cl._, Co., lT.C. Bearwallow Brook, Transylvania Co., ll.C.) Indian names more or leas changed to suit the back­woodsmen•• enunoia ion) are common only in the tates aouth qf Virginia and Kentucky. The northern section of these moun­tains waa always harried by war parties and had no native settlements. Keph.eart Run is near the head of Dry River , Rockingham co. ,va. In lollowing lists, n es whiCh frequently occur in the - southern Appalachians are not followed by county names. • N S-- Local. Poverty of Ideas. Big Flats. Little River. Deep Creek. Long Cove. Round ountain. Low Gap. Pretty Ridge. Rough Branch. Stony Hill. Right Prong. Left-hand Fork. Upper Jim Creek. Lower Dick Fork. Torth, East, etc. Two ile, Ten Kile, Twenty ile. Little Nine ile Ck. (Blount,Tenn.) s-- Local. Rooks, inerals. Split Rock. Riven Rock t. (Rockingham?Va.) Riven Rocks. (Highland,Va.J "Riv Rocks." Slick Rock Br. Table Rock. Hanging Rock . Cliffty Rock. (Wolfe ,K;y.) Chimney Rock. Chimney Tops. (Swain, .c.) White Rock. Black Rock. Paint Rock. Spy Rock. (Fayette,W.Va.; Augusta·, Va. ) Lookout Rock. Rocky Notch. (Swain,N.C.) lUllstone Gap. Whetstone Ck. Soapstone Gap. (Swain,B.C.) Flint Gap Ridge.( " " ) Standingstone. ( utnam,Tenn.) Shining Rock. (Haywood,N.C.) Glassy Rock. (Jackson, .c.) Silverstone. (rat uga,N.C.) Track Rock Gap. (Union,Ga.) Burning Rock. (Wyoming,W.Va.) Stonecoal Run. Alum Ck. ( ingo, ~. Va.) Alum Cave Ck. (Sevier,Tenn.) Saltpeter . Brimstone Ck. (Scott,Tenn.) ~· ~Wbetrock Holl~. J., I N t s-- Local. ountains. Pinnacle. Fodders tack. Shuckstaok. (Swain,N.C.) Round Top. ( Sharp Top t. Sharp Tops. ( itchell N.C.) Funnel Top. (Graham, Transylvania,N.C.) Double Top. (Buncombe,N.C.) Three Top Ut. (Ashe,N.C.) Double Knob. (Jackson,N.C.) Sugarloa:f' Ut. Hawksbill Ut. ( dison,V .) Ramshorn t. (Pocahontas,W.Va.) Buckhorn t. (Bland, Va. + Pipestem Knob. (Summers, • Va.) Roan High Knob. ( itchell .c.) The Slate Knobs. (Sevier,Tenn.) Bent Knee Knob. (Haywood,N.C.) Cold Knob. Frosty Knob. (Bunco be,N.C.) Frozen Head. Bull Head. (Sevier,Tenn; Buncombe,N.C.) Horny Head. (Jackson,N.C.) Rocky Face. (Buncombe,N.C.) Humpback Ut. (McDowell ',li. C. ) Saddle back. Saddle t. (A1leghany,N.C.) Stony an t. ( adison Va.) Shinbone Ridge. (Clay,Aia.) Three Forks Mt. (Transylvania,N.C.) Little Fork Ridge. (Swain,N.C.) Dark Ridge,Valley. Jenkins Trail Ridge. (Swain,N.C.) Sunset Mt. (Buncombe N.C.) an ding Stair Knob • (Burke ,N.C. ) Welch Divide. (Swain,N.C.) Hangover Mt. (Gr~am,N.C.) Naked Place Mt (Haywood,N.C.) Bald of Stone t. ( tataugatN.C.) Snaggy Bald. (Jackson,N.C.J Snaggy Kt. ( arrett, d.) Scaly t. (Macon ,N.C. ) #Shaggy Bald. N S-- Local. Gorges. The Gulf. (Cocke,Tenn.) inding Gulf. (Raleigh,W.Va.) The Narrows. ( arren, Tenn. ; H ywood, Swain, • C. ) 11 Y'UJUt.n~ Shut-in Ck. ( adiso ,N.C.) Coves, Pockets. Cave Cove. (Marion, Tenn.) The Pocket. (Lee, Va. ; Gordon ,G • ) Pocket Ck. ( arion,Tenn.) Gaps. Indian Grave Gap. (Caldwell,N.C.) Windy Gap. (Roanok ,va.) N S-- Loc 1. Sugar Fork. Su ar-tree Gap. Sug r C p. Su arlan t. Sycamore Shoals. Piney Ri e. Buckey Gap. Locust Gap. Board-tree BranCh. Haw Knob. alnut Fl t . White alnut Cov (S~ain,N.C.) Hickory Cove. White Oak Bottom. Spruce Pin Br. (:Buchanan,Va.) Holly Fl t Cove ( arion,Tenn.) Little Chestnut :B ld.(Swain, .c.) Pawpaw Ck. (S ain 1N.C.) Cherry G p. (DO.) Corner-tree Gap. \Swain,N.C.) Bale am ts. (N.C. ) Beech Fl t Br. (Jackson,N.C.) Birch-log . (C rt r 1T nn.) Gum-log Kt.(Union,u .) Cedar-cliff t. (Towne,Ga.) Plum-orchard Ck. (Rabun,Ga.) Hollow oplar. ( itchell, .C.) Four Pole Ck. ( ingo, • Va.) "tJr J,... &/A. • ( ){JI. I ~A .) BrushY Prong. Laurel Top.(S ain,N.C.) Ivy Caney Ck. Sassafras Spring.(Swain,N.C.) Cranberry Gla es. Huckleberry Knob. M~ Apple Gap. (J ckson,N.C.) Fern t. ( " n ) Poke Patch Ck . (Cumberland , Tenn. ) 61 tf. Sang Hollo • Greenbrier Gulf. Ramp Run. Jellico Gap. Snakeroot Br. ( cDowell, I. V • ) uscadine Ck. (Cleburne,Ga.) Pea-patch Rid e. (Garrett, d.) ~in Patch t.( itchell,N.C.) 'Tater Knob. Honeysuckle Flat. (Yancey,N.C.) Gulch. Popcorn Ck.(Rabun,Ga.) Siler's !leado "· (Swain, .c.) Grassy-land t. ( ison,N.C.) Glade t. (Hayvlood,K.C.) eado Gap. (Do.) Grassy Ridge. Burnt Timber. Burnt Ridge. Burnt Bottan. ( yo ing, ~. Va. ) The Firescald. (Swain .c.) Firescald t. (Yancey,N.C.) #Peavine. Bee Gum. 'Tater-patch Ridge. F t Pine. cJc. Sassafr~ Hills. NAllES-- Local. ------ Animal.s. Bear-paw Ck. (Chero ee,N.C.) Bear-pen Ridge.(Do.) Bear-wallow :Bald. ( ain, .c.) - But'f'alo. Deer. Buck Knob. Doe. Elk. . Wolf'. Wolf-pen Ridge. 'Coon. 'Possum. Panther c"Pant'er ~. Panther-den . Panther-tail t.(Transyl-vania ,N. C .l Beaver. Beaver-dam. Otter. Otter-slide. Wildcat Knob, Cliffs ', Spur. GroWldhog. Cow. Bell-cow t.(Greene,Tenn.) C f-killer Run.(Putnam,Tenn.) Horse. Little are t.(Bath,Va.) Hog. Hogback Mt.( aoon,N.C.) Sow. Hound. Sheep's-baok Mt.(Jackson,N.C.) Turkey Cove. Turkey-bone Mt.(Randolph,V •• ) Turkey-pen. Eagle's Neat.(H~ood,N.C.I Raven's Nest.(RusselldVa.) Raven Rocks.( Vatauga,N.C.) Raven Cliff. ( reenville,s.c.) Fishhawk t.( oon,N.C.) Pigeon-roost Jk. Big Pigeon Biver.(Cocke,Tenn.) Owl Hollow, Cove. ocking Crow Mt.(Konroe,Twnn.) Peckerwood Ck.(Clay,N.C.) ·Yellowhammer Ck.(Graham,N.C.) Little Snowbird Ck. ( " " ) Birdeye.(H~ood,N.C.) Terrapin t.( ason N.C.) Rattlesnake Cliff.lSwatn,N.C.) Snake-den Ridge. Lizard. Trout Run. Little Frog Ut.(Polk,Tenn.) Bee-tree. Yellowjacket Ck.( roup,Ga.) Bumblebee Run. (Greenbrier ,''1. Va.) 1/Whi t e Fawn. Cooter Ck. N S--Loe ------ Fro es. att :Sr. Tom's Br. Granny's Br. olly D vi ' Br. Jake's Ck. Jenkins' ill Br. Old Nell Knob.(To ,G.) Big (and Li tt~e) Jon than Run. ( • Va.) H...l..t~~~-) ..r.